不改变大小的平移
 1 void imageTranslation1(Mat& src, Mat& dst, const int& xoffset, const int& yoffset)

 {

     cvtColor(src, src, CV_BGR2GRAY);

     const int height = src.rows;

     const int width  = src.cols;

     dst.create(src.size(), src.type());

     dst.setTo();

     for (size_t i = ; i < height; i++)

     {

         for (size_t j = ; j < width; j++)

         {

             int x = j - xoffset;//列x=j

             int y = i - yoffset;//行y=i

             if (x >=  && y >=  && x <= width && y <= height)

             {

                 dst.at<uchar>(i, j) = src.at<uchar>(y, x);

             }

         }

     }

 }

//----改变图像大小的平移

void imageTranslation2(Mat& src, Mat& dst, const int& xoffset, const int& yoffset)

{

    cvtColor(src, src, CV_BGR2GRAY);

    dst.create(Size(src.cols + abs(xoffset), src.rows + abs(yoffset)), src.type());

    dst.setTo();

    const int height = dst.rows;

    const int width  = dst.cols;

    for (size_t i = ; i < height; i++)

    {

        for (size_t j = ; j < width; j++)

        {

            int x = j - xoffset;//列x=j

            int y = i - yoffset;//行y=i

            if (x >=  && y >=  && x <= width && y <= height)

            {

                dst.at<uchar>(i, j) = src.at<uchar>(y, x);

            }

        }

    }

}

 等间隔
 1 void imageReduction1(Mat& src, Mat& dst, float kx, float ky)

 {

     cvtColor(src, src, CV_BGR2GRAY);

     dst.create(Size(cvRound(src.cols*kx), cvRound(src.rows*ky)), src.type());

     const int height = dst.rows;

     const int width  = dst.cols;

     dst.setTo();

     for (size_t i = ; i < height; i++)

     {

         for (size_t j = ; j < width; j++)

         {

             int y = static_cast<int>((i + ) / kx);

             int x = static_cast<int>((j + ) / ky);

             dst.at<uchar>(i, j) = src.at<uchar>(y, x);

         }

     }

 }

 区域子块
 1 void imageReduction2(Mat& src, Mat& dst, float kx, float ky)

 {

     cvtColor(src, src, CV_BGR2GRAY);

     dst.create(cvRound(src.rows*ky), cvRound(src.cols*kx), src.type());

     int height = src.rows;

     int width  = src.cols;

     dst.setTo();

     const int dx = cvRound( / kx);

     const int dy = cvRound( / ky);

     for (size_t i = , x = ; i < height; i += dy, x++)

     {

         for (size_t j = , y = ; j < width; j += dx, y++)

         {

             dst.at<uchar>(x,y) = areaAverage(src, Point(j, i), Point(j + dx, i + dy));

         }

     }

 }

 //--------求一个矩形区域像素平均值

 uchar areaAverage(Mat& src, Point& leftPoint, Point& rightPoint)

 {

     Mat roi = src(Rect(leftPoint, rightPoint));

     const int height = roi.rows;

     const int width  = roi.cols;

     float sumPix = ;

     for (size_t i = ; i < height; i++)

     {

         for (size_t j = ; j < width; j++)

         {

             sumPix += (roi.at<uchar>(i, j) / (height*width));

         }

     }

     return sumPix;

 }