在Servlet的配置文件中，可以使用一个或多个<init-param>标签为servlet配置一些初始化参数。当servlet配置了初始化参数后，web容器在创建servlet实例对象时，会自动将这些初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中，并在调用servlet的init方法时，ServletConfig对象传递给servlet。进而，程序员通过ServletConfig对象就可以得到当前servlet的初始化参数信息。
示例代码如下：
1 package com.yyz.servletconfig;
2
3 import java.io.IOException;
4 import java.util.Enumeration;
5
6 import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
7 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
11
12 public class ServletConfigDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
13
14
15
16 ServletConfig config;
17 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
18 throws ServletException, IOException {
19 //获取指定的初始化参数
20 String value = config.getInitParameter("xxx");
21 response.getOutputStream().write(value.getBytes());
22 //获取所有的初始化参数
23 Enumeration e = cofig.getInitParameterNames();
24 while(e.hasMoreElements()){
25 String name = (String) e.nextElement();
26 value = config.getInitParameter(name);
27 response.getOutputStream().write((name+"="+value+"<br/>").getBytes());
28 }
29 }
30
31
32 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
33 throws ServletException, IOException {
34 doGet(request,response);
35
36
37 }
38
39
40 @Override
41 public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
42 this.config = config;
43 }
44
45 }
相应的web.xml如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<servlet> <servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.yyz.servletconfig.ServletConfigDemo1</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>xxx</param-name>
<param-value>yyy</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>name</param-name>
<param-value>yyz</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>password</param-name>
<param-value>yyy</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/ServletConfigDemo1</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
测试结果如下：
在上面的代码中，ServletConfigDemo1对象中有一个ServletConfig对象，其实这是不必要的。因为ServletConfigDemo1继承了HttpServlet，HttpServlet又继承了GenericServlet 。GenericServlet 已经在内部维护了一个ServletConfig对象。相关实现如下：
public abstract class GenericServlet
implements Servlet, ServletConfig, java.io.Serializable
{
… …
private transient ServletConfig config;
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
return config;
}
}
因而我们可以通过我们写的Servlet对象的getServletConfig()方法直接拿到ServletConfig对象，示例代码如下:
1 package com.yyz.servletconfig;
2
3 import java.io.IOException;
4 import java.io.PrintWriter;
5
6 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
10
11 public class ServletConfigDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
12
13 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
14 throws ServletException, IOException {
15
16 String value = this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter("name");
17 System.out.println(value);
18 }
19
20 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
21 throws ServletException, IOException {
22
23 doGet(request, response);
24 }
25
26 }
web.xml文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.yyz.servletconfig.ServletConfigDemo2</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>name</param-name>
<param-value>yyz</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/ServletConfigDemo2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>