MyBatis05:多对一和一对多

1、多对一

多对一的理解:

  • 多个学生对应一个老师
  • 如果对于学生这边,就是一个多对一的现象,即从学生这边关联一个老师!

1.1、数据库设计

MyBatis05:多对一和一对多
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

insert into teacher (id,name) values(1, '张峰');

CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  `tid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `tid` (`tid`),
  CONSTRAINT `student_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

insert into student (id,name,tid) values(1,'李明',1)
,(2,'张三',1)
,(3,'小王',1)
,(4,'刘凯',1)

1.2、搭建环境

1、IDEA安装Lombok插件

2、引入Maven依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.18.16</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3、编写实体类

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Teacher {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
}
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Teacher teacher;

}

4、编写相应的Mapper接口

public interface StudentMapper {
}

5、新建对应的映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="org.com.mapper.StudentMapper">
</mapper>

1.3、按查询嵌套处理

1、在StudentMapper接口中怎加一个方法

 // 查找所有学生
 List<Student> studentList();

2、编写相应的映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="org.com.mapper.StudentMapper">

    <!-- 子查询方式解决多对一问题 -->
    <resultMap id="studentMap" type="student">
        <!--association关联属性 property属性名 javaType属性类型 column在多的一方的表中的列名-->
        <association property="teacher" column="tid" select="selectTeacherById" javaType="teacher"/>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="studentList" resultMap="studentMap" >
        select * from student
    </select>
    <!--
   这里传递过来的id,只有一个属性的时候,下面可以写任何值
   association中column多参数配置:
       column="{key=value,key=value}"
       其实就是键值对的形式,key是传给下个sql的取值名称,value是片段一中sql查询的字段名。
   -->
    <select id="selectTeacherById" resultType="teacher">
        select * from teacher where id = #{id}
    </select>

</mapper>

3、在MyBatis核心配置中注册Mapper

 <mappers>
     <mapper class="org.com.mapper.StudentMapper"/>
</mappers>

4、测试

@Test
public void test1(){
    SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.getSqlSession();
    StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
    List<Student> studentList = mapper.studentList();
    for (Student student : studentList) {
        System.out.println(student);
    }
    MyBatisUtils.closeSqlSession();
}

结果:

MyBatis05:多对一和一对多

1.4、按查询结果处理

1、在StudentMapper接口中新增一个方法

// 查找所有学生
List<Student> studentList2();

2、编写相应的映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="org.com.mapper.StudentMapper">


    <!-- 按查询结果处理多对一问题 -->
    <select id="studentList2" resultMap="studentMap2">
        select s.id as s_id,s.name as s_name,t.id as t_id,t.name as t_name
        from student s
        inner join teacher t on s.tid = t.id
    </select>

    <resultMap id="studentMap2" type="student">
        <id property="id" column="s_id"/>
        <result property="name" column="s_name"/>
        <association property="teacher" javaType="teacher">
            <id property="id" column="t_id"/>
            <result property="name" column="t_name"/>
        </association>
    </resultMap>

</mapper>

3、去mybatis-config文件中注册【此处应该处理过了】

4、测试

@Test
public void test2(){
    SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.getSqlSession();
    StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
    List<Student> studentList = mapper.studentList2();
    for (Student student : studentList) {
        System.out.println(student);
    }
    MyBatisUtils.closeSqlSession();
}

结果与1.3的一样

小结

按照查询进行嵌套处理就像SQL中的子查询

按照结果进行嵌套处理就像SQL中的联表查询

2、一对多

一对多的理解:

  • 一个老师拥有多个学生
  • 如果对于老师这边,就是一个一对多的现象,即从一个老师下面拥有一群学生(集合)!

2.1、搭建环境

1、编写实体类

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Teacher {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private List<Student> studentList;

}
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer tid;

}

剩下的和上面多对一的一样,搭完环境要先测试一下!

2.2、按查询嵌套处理

1、在TeacherMapper中添加一个方法

public interface TeacherMapper {

    // 查询所有老师信息
    List<Teacher> teacherList();
}

2、编写相应的映射文件

<!-- 按查询嵌套处理 -->
<select id="teacherList" resultMap="teacherMap">
    select * from teacher
</select>

<resultMap id="teacherMap" type="teacher">
    <id property="id" column="id"/>
    <collection property="studentList" javaType="list" column="id" select="selectStudentById"/>
</resultMap>

<select id="selectStudentById" resultType="student">
    select * from student where tid=#{id}
    </select>

3、在MyBatis核心配置文件中注册Mapper

<mappers>
    <mapper class="org.com.mapper.TeacherMapper"/>
</mappers>

4、测试

@Test
public void test1(){
    SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.getSqlSession();
    TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
    List<Teacher> teacherList = mapper.teacherList();
    for (Teacher teacher : teacherList) {
        System.out.println(teacher);
    }
    MyBatisUtils.closeSqlSession();
}

结果:

MyBatis05:多对一和一对多

2.3、按查询结果处理

1、在TeacherMapper中添加一个方法

// 查询所有老师信息
List<Teacher> teacherList2();

2、映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="org.com.mapper.TeacherMapper">

    <!-- 按查询结果处理 -->
    <!--
       思路:
           1. 从学生表和老师表中查出学生id,学生姓名,老师姓名
           2. 对查询出来的操作做结果集映射
               1. 集合的话,使用collection!
                   JavaType和ofType都是用来指定对象类型的
                   JavaType是用来指定pojo中属性的类型
                   ofType指定的是映射到list集合属性中pojo的类型。
    -->
    <select id="teacherList2" resultMap="teacherMap2">
    select t.id as t_id, t.name as t_name, s.id as s_id, s.name as s_name
    from teacher t
    inner join student s on t.id = s.tid
    </select>

    <resultMap id="teacherMap2" type="teacher">
        <id property="id" column="t_id"/>
        <result property="name" column="t_name"/>
        <collection property="studentList" ofType="student">
            <id property="id" column="s_id"/>
            <result property="name" column="s_name"/>
            <result property="tid" column="t_id"/>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>




</mapper>

4、注册mapper,上面已经注册过了

5、测试

@Test
public void test2(){
    SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.getSqlSession();
    TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
    List<Teacher> teacherList = mapper.teacherList2();
    for (Teacher teacher : teacherList) {
        System.out.println(teacher);
    }
    MyBatisUtils.closeSqlSession();
}

结果与2.2的一样

3、总结

1、关联-association

2、集合-collection

3、所以association是用于一对一和多对一,而collection是用于一对多的关系

4、JavaType和ofType都是用来指定对象类型的

  • JavaType是用来指定pojo中属性的类型
  • ofType指定的是映射到list集合属性中pojo的类型。

注意说明:

1、保证SQL的可读性,尽量通俗易懂

2、根据实际要求,尽量编写性能更高的SQL语句

3、注意属性名和字段不一致的问题

4、注意一对多和多对一 中:字段和属性对应的问题

5、尽量使用Log4j,通过日志来查看自己的错误

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