Oracle 之 SQL 面试题 录(转)

多上网查查 SQL  面试题

1.学号(自动编号) 姓名 性别 年龄­

0001 xw 男 18­

0002 mc 女 16­

0003 ww 男 21­

0004 xw 男 18­

请写出实现如下功能的SQL语句:­

删除除了学号(自动编号)字段以外,其它字段都相同的冗余记录!­

DELETE FROM table1­

WHERE (学号 NOT IN­

(SELECT MAX(学号) AS xh­

FROM TABLE1­

GROUP BY 姓名, 性别, 年龄))
2. 数据库有3个表 teacher表 student表 tea_stu关系表 teacher表 teaID name age student表 stuID name age teacher_student表 teaID stuID 要求用一条sql查询出这样的结果: 1.显示的字段要有老师id age 每个老师所带的学生人数 2.只列出老师age为40以下 学生age为12以上的记录。
select a.teaID,a.age count(*)
from teacher a,student b,teacher_student c
where a.teaID=c.teaID
and b.stuID=c.stuID
and a.age>40
and b.age>12
group by a.teaID,a.age;

3.sql面试题一条语句查询每个部门共有多少人­

前提:a 部门表 b 员工表 ­

a表字段( ­

id --部门编号 ­

departmentName-部门名称 ­

) ­

b表字段( ­

id--部门编号 ­

employee- 员工名称 ­

) ­

问题:如何一条sql语句查询出每个部门共有多少人­

select a.department,count from
tA a,tB b
where a.id=b.id
group by b.id,a,deparment

4.有3张表,Student表、SC表和Course表 ­

Student表:学号(Sno)、姓名(Sname)、性别(Ssex)、年龄(Sage)和系名(Sdept) ­

Course表:课程号(Cno)、课程名(Cname)和学分(Ccredit); ­

SC表:学号(Sno)、课程号(Cno)和成绩(Grade) ­

请使用SQL语句查询学生姓名及其课程总学分 ­

(注:如果课程不及格,那么此课程学分为0)­

方法1:

select Sname,sum(Ccredit) as totalCredit from Student,Course,SC where Grade>=60 and Student.Sno=SC.Sno and Course.Cno=SC.Cno group by Sname 

方法2:对xyphoenix的修改 ­

select sname,sum(case when sc.grade<60 then 0 else course.Ccredit end) as totalCredit from Student,sc,course where sc.sno=student.sno and sc.cno=course.cno group by sname 

方法3:对napolun180410的修改 ­

select Sname,SUM(case when Grade<60 then 0 else Ccredit end) as totalGrade FROM SC JOIN Student ON(Student.sno = SC.sno) JOIN Course ON(SC.Cno = Course.Cno) GROUP BY Student.Sname; 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

有3个表S,C,SC

S(SNO,SNAME)代表(学号,姓名)

C(CNO,CNAME,CTEACHER)代表(课号,课名,教师)

SC(SNO,CNO,SCGRADE)代表(学号,课号成绩)

问题:

1,找出没选过“黎明”老师的所有学生姓名。

2,列出2门以上(含2门)不及格学生姓名及平均成绩。

3,即学过1号课程又学过2号课所有学生的姓名。

请用标准SQL语言写出答案,方言也行(请说明是使用什么方言)。

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

答案:

S(SNO,SNAME)代表(学号,姓名)

C(CNO,CNAME,CTEACHER)代表(课号,课名,教师)

SC(SNO,CNO,SCGRADE)代表(学号,课号成绩)

select sno,sname from s;

select cno,cname,cteacher from c;

select sno,cno,scgrade from sc;

问题1.找出没选过“黎明”老师的所有学生姓名。

第一步:求黎明老师教的所有课的课号

select distinct cno from c where cteacher='黎明'

第二步:选了黎明老师的所有学生的编号

select sno from sc where cno in (

    第一步的结果

)

第三步:没有选黎明老师的所有学生的姓名

select sname from s where sno not in (

    第二步的结果

)

即:

select sname from s where sno not in (

    select sno from sc where cno in (

        select distinct cno from c where cteacher='黎明'

    )

)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

问题2:列出2门以上(含2门)不及格学生姓名及平均成绩。

第一步:2门以上不及格的学生的学号

select sno from sc where scgrade < 60 group by sno having count(*) >= 2

第二步:每个学生平均分

select sno, avg(scgrade) as avg_grade from sc group by sno

第三步:第一步中得到的学号对应的学生姓名以及平均分

select s.sname ,avg_grade from s

    join

         第一步的结果

         on s.sno = t.sno

    join

        第二步的结果

        on s.sno = t1.sno

即:

select s.sname ,avg_grade from s

    join

         (select sno, count(*) from sc where scgrade < 60 group by sno having count(*) >= 2)t

         on s.sno = t.sno

    join

        (select sno, avg(scgrade) as avg_grade from sc group by sno )t1

        on s.sno = t1.sno

错误的写法:

错误在于:求的是所有不及格的课程的平均分,而不是所有课程(包括及格的)的平均分

执行顺序:

    首先会执行Where语句,将不符合选择条件的记录过滤掉,

    然后再将过滤后的数据按照group by子句中的字段进行分组,

    接着使用having子句过滤掉不符合条件的分组,

    然后再将剩下的数据排序显示。

select sname, avg_scgrade from s join

(select sno, avg(scgrade) avg_scgrade from sc where scgrade < 60 group by sno having count(*) >= 2) t

on (s.sno = t.sno);

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

select sno,sname from s;

select cno,cname,cteacher from c;

select sno,cno,scgrade from sc;

问题3:即学过1号课程又学过2号课所有学生的姓名。

第一步:学过1号课程的学号

select sno from sc where cno = 1

第二步:学过2号课程的学号

select sno from sc where cno = 2

第三步:即学过1号课程又学过2号课的学号

select sno from sc where cno =1 and sno in (select sno from sc where cno = 2)

第四步:得到姓名

select sname from s where sno in (

       select sno from sc where cno = 1 and sno in (select sno from sc where cno = 2)

)

或者:

select sname from s where

       sno in (select sno from sc where cno = 1)

       and

       sno in (select sno from sc where cno = 2)

company    公司名(companyname)    编号(id)

    LS            6

    DG            9

    GR            19

employeehired

    公司(id)    人数(number)    财季(fiscalquarter)

    6    2        1

    9    2        4

    19    4        1

1.找出表中的主键:  company(id)    employeehired (id)+(fiscalquarter)

2.找出表之间关系: 外键关系, employeehired (id) 参考 company (id)

3.求第四财季招聘过员工的公司名称:

select companyname from company c join employeehired e

    on (c.id = e.id)

    where fiscalquarter = 4;

4.求从1到3财季从没有招聘过员工的公司名称   //同理1到4财季

select companyname from company

    where id not in

    (select distinct id from employeehired

    where fiscalquarter not in(1,2,3)

    );

5.求从1到4财季之间招聘过员工的公司名称和他们各自招聘的员工总数 

select companyname , sum_numhired from company c join

    (

    select sum(numhired) sum_numhired from employeehired group by id

    ) t

    on (c.sum_numhired = t.sum_numhired);

--求部门中哪些人的薪水最高----此处开始使用的是scott账户下的自带表

select ename, sal from emp

join (select max(sal) max_sal, deptno from emp group by deptno) t

on (emp.sal = t.max_sal and emp.deptno = t.deptno);

--求每个部门的平均薪水的等级   //多表连接, 子查询

select deptno, avg_sal, grade from         //从下面表中取,下表必须有字段

(select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t

join salgrade s on (t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal);

--求每个部门的平均的薪水等级

select deptno, avg(grade) from

(select deptno, ename, grade from emp join salgrade s

on (emp.sal between s.losal and s.hisal)) t

group by deptno;

--求雇员中有哪些人是经理人

select ename from emp

where empno in (select distinct mgr from emp );

--不准用组函数,求薪水的最高值 (面试题)  //很变态,不公平就不公平

自连接:左边表的数据小于右边表的   最大的连接不上   //说起来很简单

select distinct sal from emp

where sal not in (select distinct e1.sal from emp e1 join emp e2

on (e1.sal < e2.sal));

--求平均薪水最高的部门的部门编号

select deptno, avg_sal from

(select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno)

where avg_sal =

(select max(avg_sal) from

    (select avg(sal) avg_sal, deptno from emp group by deptno)

);

///////////另解../////////////////////////////

select deptno, avg_sal from

(select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno)

where avg_sal =

(select max(avg(sal)) from emp group by deptno);

////////组函数嵌套,不过只能套2层,因为多行输入,单行输出//////////

--求平均薪水最高的部门的部门名称

select dname from dept where deptno =

(

       select deptno from

    (select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno)

       where avg_sal =

    (select max(avg_sal) from

         (select avg(sal) avg_sal, deptno from emp group by deptno)

    )

);

--求平均薪水的等级最低的部门的部门名称    //太复杂了   PL SQL

//从里到外

---先求出每个员工的薪水等级,然后再按照部门求出平均薪水等级

select avg_grade,deptno from
(select avg(grade)  avg_grade,deptno
( select grade,empno,deptno from emp e join  salgrade s
on(e.sal between s.losal adn s.hisal)
)
group by deptno
)

----完整的----

select  empname ,avg_grade
dept d 
join
(select deptno,avg(grade) as avg_grade from 
(select deptno,empno,grade from emp e join salgrade s
on(e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal)
)
group by deptno
)t1
on d.depno=t1.deptno;

1.平均薪水:select deptno, avg(sal) from emp group by deptno;

2.平均薪水的等级:

 select deptno, grade, avg_sal from

          (select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t

    join salgrade s

    on ( t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal);

3.平均薪水最低的等级:

  select min (grade) from

    (

    select deptno, grade, avg_sal from

          (select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t

    join salgrade s

    on ( t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal)

    );

4.平均薪水最低的等级的部门:显示部门   2.连接dept表

select dname, t1.deptno, grade, avg_sal from            // deptno 未明确定义列

             (select deptno, grade, avg_sal from

          (select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t

    join salgrade s

    on ( t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal)

    ) t1

join dept on (t1.deptno = dept.deptno)

where t1.grade =

(

    select min (grade) from

    (

    select deptno, grade, avg_sal from

          (select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t

    join salgrade s

    on ( t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal)

    )

);       //有完全重复的地方

:::::::创建视图,视图就是表,子查询:虚表 ,链接::::::::

create view v$_dept_avg_sal_info as

    select deptno, grade, avg_sal from

          (select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t

    join salgrade s

    on ( t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal);    

//视图已创建;

/////////不能建表  ,权限不足 

conn sys/10023 as sysdba;

grant create table, create view to sctt;

/////////默认是可以建表的;

select * from v$_dept_avg_sal_info;

5.化简

select dname, t1.deptno, grade, avg_sal from

             v$_dept_avg_sal_info t1

join dept on (t1.deptno = dept.deptno)

where t1.grade =

(

    select min (grade) from

    v$_dept_avg_sal_info

);

--求部门经理人中平均薪水最低的部门名称 (思考题)

--求比普通员工的最高薪水还要高的经理人名称

1.select distinct mgr from emp;     //king'mgr   is  null;

2.select max(sal) from emp where empno not in

   (select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null);

3.select ename from emp

   where empno in (select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null)

   and sal >

   (

     select max(sal) from emp where empno not in

        (select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null)

   );

--求薪水最高的前5名雇员

--求薪水最高的第6到第10名雇员(重点掌握)

--练习: 求最后入职的5名员工

--面试题: 比较效率

select * from emp where deptno = 10 and ename like '%A%';

select * from emp where ename like '%A%' and deptno = 10;

////////数字不对,后面就不用看了 ,先比较数字快;//也许Oracle有优化

//CSDN - 专家门诊 MS-SQL Server

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::回家作业:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

一个简单的表TABLE  有100条以上的信息, 其中包括:

产品    颜色    数量

产品1    红色    123

产品1    蓝色    126

产品2    蓝色    103

产品2     红色    NULL

产品2    红色    89

产品1    红色    203

…………………………

请用SQL语句完成一下问题:   没有主键

1.按产品分类,仅列出各类商品中红色多于蓝色的商品名称及差额数量:

2.按产品分类,将数据按下列方式进行统计显示

   产品    红色    蓝色

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