Postfix配置Q&A

2023-01-27 15:04:02

原文地址：http://space.doit.com.cn/51460/viewspace-4943.html

在配置Postfix中遇到的一些问题及相关的解决方法，希望在遇到相同的问题时能起参考的作用．在这里有必要提到一些相关的日志文件，因为很多的错误都会在日志中有体现，日志文件的存放位置可以由用户定义，这里所说的日志文件是按前面的文章中定义的存放位置（http://waringid.blog.51cto.com/65148/58210），请自行参照更改．

显示信件列表：postqueue -p
显示信件內容：postcat -q Queue_ID
刪除各別信件：postsuper -d Queue_ID
全部刪除：postsuper -d ALL
扣住信件：postsuper -h Queue_ID
回复：postsuper -H Queue_ID
重新排程：
postsuper -r Queue_ID
postsuper -r ALL
清除信件：
postqueue -f (全部)
postqueue -s 主机名称(个别对象)
要查看Postfix的当前主要配置文件的存放路径：
postconf -n

系统日志：tail -f /var/log/messages
邮件日志：tail -f /var/log/maillog
clamd相关：tail -f /var/log/clamav/clamd.log　　tail -f /var/log/clamav/freshclam.log
maildrop相关：tail -f /var/log/maildrop.log
apache相关：tail -f /usr/local/httpd/logs/error_log　　tail -f /usr/local/httpd/logs/suexec_log
mysql相关：tail -f /usr/local/mysql/data/linux.linux.com.err
测试amavisd：amavisd -d config debug-sa
测试spam：spamassassin -D --lint
测试maildrop：maildrop -V 10 -dtest@test.com

问题一：
Q
Aug 7 22:26:22 mail postfix/smtpd[16829]: warning: xsasl_cyrus_server_get_mechanism_list:
no applicable SASL mechanisms
Aug 7 22:26:22 mail postfix/smtpd[16829]: fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms
Aug 7 22:26:23 mail postfix/master[16825]: warning: process /usr/libexec/postfix/smtpd
pid 16829 exit status 1
Aug 7 22:26:23 mail postfix/master[16825]: warning: /usr/libexec/postfix/smtpd:
bad command startup -- throttling
Aug 7 22:28:06 mail postfix/smtpd[16830]: warning: xsasl_cyrus_server_get_mechanism_list:
no applicable SASL mechanisms
Aug 7 22:28:06 mail postfix/smtpd[16830]: fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms
Aug 7 22:28:07 mail postfix/master[16825]: warning: process /usr/libexec/postfix/smtpd
pid 16830 exit status 1
A
ln -s /usr/local/lib/sasl2 /usr/lib/sasl2
问题二：
Q
Jan 15 20:24:43 localhost postfix/smtpd[3048]: warning: SASL authentication problem:
unable to open Berkeley db /etc/sasldb2: No such file or directory
A
系统已经安装sasl-cyrus 删除掉，然后编译重装
问题三：
Q
install_driver(mysql) failed: Can't locate DBD/mysql.pm in @INC (@INC contains:
A
[root@redhat tmp]#tar zxvf DBD-mysql-3.0008.tar.gz 重新安装
问题四：
Q
Can't chdir to /home/mailbox//Maildir, No such file or directory
A
不能进入邮件目录，请先在extman后台建立postmaster用户
问题五：
Q
SELECT username, password, "", '1001', '1001', concat('/var/mailbox/',maildir), "", "",
username, "" FROM mailbox WHERE username = "test@test.com"
maildrop: Timeout quota exceeded.
A
请检查/usr/local/authlib/etc/authlib/mysqlauthrc的quota配置项
问题六：
Q
sh: /usr/sbin/sendmail: No such file or directory
A
ln -s /usr/local/postfix-2.2.8/src/sendmail/sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail
问题八：
Q
error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
A
[root@linux tmp]#rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3.i386.rpm
问题九：
Q
Starting mail statistics grapher: mailgraph_ext
Can't locate RRDs.pm in @INC (@INC contains:
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi
A
ln -sv /usr/local/rrdtool/lib/perl/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/RRDs.pm \
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/
问题十：
Q
Can't locate loadable object for module RRDs in @INC (@INC contains:
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi
A
ln -sv /usr/local/rrdtool/lib/perl/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/auto/RRDs/RRDs.so \
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/
问题十一：
Q
Can't load '/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/auto/GD/GD.so'
for module GD: libgd.so.2:
cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory at
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/DynaLoader.pm
line 230., referer:http://192.168.44.200/extman/cgi/index.cgi
A
[root@linux tmp]#vi /etc/ld.so.conf
[root@linux tmp]#less /etc/ld.so.conf
include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
/usr/X11R6/lib
/usr/local/mysql/lib
/usr/local/BerkeleyDB/lib
/usr/local/authlib/lib/courier-authlib
/usr/local/sasl2/lib
/usr/local/sasl2/lib/sasl2
/usr/local/clamav/lib
/usr/local/lib
/usr/local/authlib/lib/courier-authlib
/usr/local/gd/lib
/usr/local/jpeg/lib
/usr/local/fontconfig/lib
/usr/local/freetype2/lib
/usr/local/png/lib
[root@linux tmp]#ldconfig -v
问题七：
Q
Jan 28 05:04:56 linux postfix/pickup[13892]: DEBD68075: uid=0 from=<root>
Jan 28 05:04:56 linux postfix/cleanup[14026]: DEBD68075: hold: header Received:
by linux.test.com (Postfix, from userid 0)??id DEBD68075; Mon, 28 Jan 2008 05:04
:56 +0800 (CST) from local; from=<root@test.com>
Jan 28 05:04:56 linux postfix/cleanup[14026]: DEBD68075: message-id=<20080127210
456.DEBD68075@linux.test.com>
A
不要将amavisd和MailScanner装在一起##可能有其它解决办法吧
 
问题十二：
Q
httpd: Syntax error on line 99 of /etc/httpd/httpd.conf:
Cannot load /usr/local/\httpd/modules/libphp5.so into server: /usr/local/\httpd/modules/libphp5.so:
cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied
A
1：禁用selinux
2：chcon -t texrel_shlib_t /usr/local/apache2/modules/*.so
 
问题十三：
Q
Jun 20 15:29:08 mail authdaemond: authldaplib: sysusername=<null>, sysuserid=1001, sysgroupid=1001,
homedir=/var/mailbox/test.com/test01,address=test01@test.com, fullname=test01,
maildir=test.com/test01/Maildir/, quota=5242880S, ptions=<null>
Jun 20 15:29:08 mail authdaemond: authldaplib: clearpasswd=<null>,
passwd=$1$8pBM6cXc$Va6UkybwOdSyExU82pQ1A0
Jun 20 15:29:08 mail authdaemond: rebinding with DN
'mail=test01@test.com,virtualDomain=test.com,o=extmailAccount,dc=test.com'
to validate password
Jun 20 15:29:08 mail authdaemond: authentication bind failed, invalid credentials
A
vi /etc/authlib/authldaprc
72 #LDAP_AUTHBIND 1
 
问题十四：
Q
pop3d: chdir test.com/test01: No such file or directory
A
vi /etc/authlib/authldaprc
#LDAP_MAILDIR mailMessageStore
 
问题十五：
Q
configure: error: Please fix the library issues listed above and try again.
A
cp /usr/local/png/lib/pkgconfig/libpng.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig/
问题十六：
Q
Can't locate GD.pm in @INC (@INC contains:
A
安装GD-2.35.tar.gz
问题十七：
Q
怎样查看postfix日志成功接收到邮件：(交货到邮件目录)
A
cat /var/log/maillog |grep "delivered to maildir"
cat /var/log/maillog |grep "delivered to maildir" | egrep -o "(\w+)([@]{1}\w+[.]{1,})(\w+)"
问题十八：
Q
怎样取当天日志：
A
cat /var/log/maillog | egrep "`data | awk "`'{print ""$2" "$3""}'`"
问题十九：
Q
怎样取指定日期日志：
A
cat /var/log/maill | grep "^Sep\ 25" | egrep "reject|warning|error|fatal|panic" | more
　　慢慢再增加吧．
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