【背景】
今天我把算把自己的python基础平台从python-3.6.2升级到python-3.7.2，在我安装完python-3.7.2之后，打算在此基础之上安装
mysqlclient的时候报错了；
pip3 install mysqlclient
Collecting mysqlclient
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/de/d7/919042fb7ed78a89e21c4e43d5daed90d5df18ec183bae3de493a7d9e3ed/mysqlclient-1.4.1.tar.gz (85kB)
% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 33kB/s
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error
Complete output from command /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3. -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/tmp/pip-install-27wftw10/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /private/tmp/pip-record-678j2sqk/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
running build_ext
building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -Dversion_info=(,,,'final',) -D__version__=1.4. -I/usr/local/homebrew/Cellar/mysql/8.0./include/mysql -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/_mysql.o
gcc -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch x86_64 -g build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/_mysql.o -L/usr/local/homebrew/Cellar/mysql/8.0./lib -lmysqlclient -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-37m-darwin.so
ld: library not found for -lssl
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code (use -v to see invocation)
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status ----------------------------------------
Command "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/tmp/pip-install-27wftw10/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /private/tmp/pip-record-678j2sqk/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code in /private/tmp/pip-install-27wftw10/mysqlclient/
You are using pip version 18.1, however version 19.0. is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
【问题分析】
从上面的内容可以看出安装过程中加载不了目标库文件 lssl ，而这个是openssl的软件包中的内容、我把上面日志中关键的几行摘下来
ld: library not found for -lssl
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code (use -v to see invocation)
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status
这下就冤有头债有主了、我只要告诉gcc库文件和连接文件都在哪里就行了、由于我是用homebrew进行包管理的、info一下就会有答案了
brew config openssl
Usage: brew config Show Homebrew and system configuration useful for debugging. If you file
a bug report, you will likely be asked for this information if you do not
provide it. -v, --verbose Make some output more verbose.
-d, --debug Display any debugging information.
-h, --help Show this message. Error: Invalid usage
JianglexingdeMacBook-Pro:~ jianglexing$ brew info openssl
openssl: stable 1.0.2p [keg-only]
SSL/TLS cryptography library
https://openssl.org/
/usr/local/homebrew/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2n (, files, .3MB)
Built from source on -- at ::
/usr/local/homebrew/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2o_2 (, files, .3MB)
Built from source on -- at ::
/usr/local/homebrew/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2p (, files, .3MB)
Built from source on -- at ::
From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/openssl.rb
==> Dependencies
Build: makedepend ✔
==> Options
--without-test
Skip build-time tests (not recommended)
==> Caveats
A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots
keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in
the System keychain), place .pem files in
/usr/local/homebrew/etc/openssl/certs and run
/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash openssl is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local/homebrew,
because Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries. If you need to have openssl first in your PATH run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile For compilers to find openssl you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/include" For pkg-config to find openssl you may need to set:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig"
我还是把上面日志中关键的信息摘一下吧；现在问题的解决方案就非常的清楚了，把下面的那两个export运行一下
For compilers to find openssl you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/include"
【解决问题】
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/lib"export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/homebrew/opt/openssl/include" pip3 install mysqlclient
Collecting mysqlclient
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/de/d7/919042fb7ed78a89e21c4e43d5daed90d5df18ec183bae3de493a7d9e3ed/mysqlclient-1.4.1.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... done
Successfully installed mysqlclient-1.4.
You are using pip version 18.1, however version 19.0. is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
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