在上一次查看tomcat启动文件都干点啥一文中,我们总结出,startup.bat文件的作用就是找到catalina.bat文件,然后把参数传递给它,在startup.bat中,调用catalina.bat的命令call "%EXECUTABLE%" start %CMD_LINE_ARGS%,其中"%EXECUTABLE%"这个就是catalina.bat文件,这个命令至少向catalina.bat传递一个参数--start.
接下来看一下catalina.bat中的内容,内容很长:
@echo off
rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
rem contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
rem the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
rem
rem http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
rem
rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
rem limitations under the License. if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal
rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server
rem
rem Environment Variable Prerequisites
rem
rem CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
rem
rem CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
rem of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to
rem the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
rem
rem CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
rem or "run" command is executed.
rem
rem CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
rem the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to
rem %CATALINA_BASE%\temp.
rem
rem JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
rem Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
rem
rem JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
rem Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty.
rem
rem JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
rem "stop", or "run" command is executed.
rem
rem JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directories
rem containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs
rem created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).
rem It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
rem Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
rem
rem JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".
rem
rem JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. The default is 8000.
rem
rem JPDA_SUSPEND (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
rem execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".
rem
rem JPDA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
rem and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
rem options MUST be specified. The default is:
rem
rem -agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,
rem address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
rem
rem LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file
rem Example (all one line)
rem set LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
rem
rem LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager
rem Example (all one line)
rem set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
rem
rem TITLE (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The default
rem TITLE is Tomcat if it's not specified.
rem Example (all one line)
rem set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%]
rem
rem
rem
rem $Id: catalina.bat 1040546 2010-11-30 14:47:34Z markt $
rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- rem Suppress Terminate batch job on CTRL+C
if not ""%1"" == ""run"" goto mainEntry
if ""%TEMP%"" == """" goto mainEntry
if exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
if not exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
rem Use provided errorlevel
set RETVAL=%ERRORLEVEL%
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
exit /B %RETVAL%
:mainEntry
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" >NUL 2>&1 rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
cd ..
set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
:gotHome
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
goto end
:okHome rem Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
rem but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed.
set CLASSPATH= rem Get standard environment variables
if "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotSetenvHome
if exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"
goto gotSetenvBase
:gotSetenvHome
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"
:gotSetenvBase rem Get standard Java environment variables
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath
echo Cannot find "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
echo This file is needed to run this program
goto end
:okSetclasspath
set "BASEDIR=%CATALINA_HOME%"
call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1
if errorlevel 1 goto end rem Add on extra jar file to CLASSPATH
rem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random
rem quotes into the CLASSPATH
if "%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;"
:emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar" if not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase
set "CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%"
:gotBase if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir
set "CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp"
:gotTmpdir rem Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
rem tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" goto juliClasspathHome
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
goto juliClasspathDone
:juliClasspathHome
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
:juliClasspathDone if not "%LOGGING_CONFIG%" == "" goto noJuliConfig
set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Dnop
if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" goto noJuliConfig
set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
:noJuliConfig
set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_CONFIG% if not "%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == "" goto noJuliManager
set LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
:noJuliManager
set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_MANAGER% rem ----- Execute The Requested Command --------------------------------------- echo Using CATALINA_BASE: "%CATALINA_BASE%"
echo Using CATALINA_HOME: "%CATALINA_HOME%"
echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk
echo Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%"
goto java_dir_displayed
:use_jdk
echo Using JAVA_HOME: "%JAVA_HOME%"
:java_dir_displayed
echo Using CLASSPATH: "%CLASSPATH%" set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA%
set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
set ACTION=start
set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
set DEBUG_OPTS=
set JPDA= if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda
set JPDA=jpda
if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport
set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket
:gotJpdaTransport
if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress
set JPDA_ADDRESS=8000
:gotJpdaAddress
if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend
set JPDA_SUSPEND=n
:gotJpdaSuspend
if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts
set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
:gotJpdaOpts
shift
:noJpda if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug
if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun
if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart
if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop
if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion echo Usage: catalina ( commands ... )
echo commands:
echo debug Start Catalina in a debugger
echo debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager
echo jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo run Start Catalina in the current window
echo run -security Start in the current window with security manager
echo start Start Catalina in a separate window
echo start -security Start in a separate window with security manager
echo stop Stop Catalina
echo version What version of tomcat are you running?
goto end :doDebug
shift
set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB%
set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd :doRun
shift
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd :doStart
shift
if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle
if "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat
set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA%
goto gotTitle
:noTitle
set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA%
:gotTitle
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd :doStop
shift
set ACTION=stop
set CATALINA_OPTS=
goto execCmd :doVersion
%_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
goto end :execCmd
rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
shift
goto setArgs
:doneSetArgs rem Execute Java with the applicable properties
if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end :end
在第1行,和第17行中的内容已经在前一章中做出说明,在此处不再敖述,我对于18-85行的这段注释比较感兴趣:
rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server
rem
rem Environment Variable Prerequisites
rem
rem CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
rem
rem CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
rem of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to
rem the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
rem
rem CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
rem or "run" command is executed.
rem
rem CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
rem the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to
rem %CATALINA_BASE%\temp.
rem
rem JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
rem Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
rem
rem JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
rem Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty.
rem
rem JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
rem "stop", or "run" command is executed.
rem
rem JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directories
rem containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs
rem created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).
rem It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
rem Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
rem
rem JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".
rem
rem JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. The default is 8000.
rem
rem JPDA_SUSPEND (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
rem execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".
rem
rem JPDA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
rem and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
rem options MUST be specified. The default is:
rem
rem -agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,
rem address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
rem
rem LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file
rem Example (all one line)
rem set LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
rem
rem LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager
rem Example (all one line)
rem set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
rem
rem TITLE (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The default
rem TITLE is Tomcat if it's not specified.
rem Example (all one line)
rem set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%]
rem
rem
rem
rem $Id: catalina.bat 1040546 2010-11-30 14:47:34Z markt $
rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
这段的内容就是说明一下在启动和停止CATALINA server时候需要的一下先决条件,CATALINA_HOME--看到这个大家可能会有点疑问,如果在操作系统上没有设置CATALINA_HOME变量的时候,那么这个变量应该是不存在的丫,是怎么回事呢?是不是?下面我们还是用测试来说明问题:我在F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin目录下创建一个test.bat文件,文件内容如下:
@echo off
set CURRENT_DIR=%cd%
test2.bat
意思很简单,只是将%cd%变量的值赋给CURRENT_DIR变量,然后调用test2.bat文件,test2.bat文件的内容如下:
echo %CURRENT_DIR%
只是简单的输出%CURRENT_DIR%变量,让我们先运行test.bat文件,查看%CURRENT_DIR%变量是否能够正确输出:
结果正确显示了,但是如果我们直接运行test2.bat文件会有什么结果呢?
结果显示不正常,这个测试就说明由test.bat调用test2.bat文件时候,test.bat中定义的变量在test2.bat中可见,就是CURRENT_DIR变量的生命周期范围并不是仅限于本文件,也能加深对于setlocal方法的理解。回到catalina.bat本身,也许我们本身没有设置CATALINA_HOME环境变量的习惯,但是回想一下上一节,在startup.bat中说到,如果没有设置CATALINA_HOME变量,startup.bat内会给CATALINA_HOME变量赋值,然后在catalina.bat中依然能够访问此变量。
这段注释说完之后,看一下88行:
if not ""%1"" == ""run"" goto mainEntry
如果接收到的第一个参数是run那么到:mainEntry节点,事实是我们从startup.bat调用的时候传递的第一个参数无疑是start,所以应该顺序执行到第89行,这里可能有人会有疑问,那什么时候第一个参数才是run呢?事情是这样的,因为并不是所有人都是跟我们一样直接使用startup.bat文件启动,因为startup.bat文件也只不过就是找到catalina.bat文件,然后照样传递参数,其实有经验的人大可直接使用catalina.bat文件来启动tomcat。这就是第一个参数为run的产生情况。接下来我们顺序执行到第89行。
看一下89行的内容:
if ""%TEMP%"" == """" goto mainEntry
如果TEMP变量为空,那么到mainEntry节点,这个时候我们就需要看看我们到底有没有这个TEMP变量,同样弄个小测试,写一个小的测试test.bat文件,文件内容如下:
@echo off
echo %TEMP%
查看执行结果:
记得在上一节中说过%TEMP%这个变量是从环境变量中读取的,所以也可以去环境变量中查看是不是有此值,来确定TEMP变量是不是存在,一问在startup.bat和catalina.bat并没有设置TEMP变量。查看环境变量:
因为TEMP存在,所以程序还需要顺序执行到90行,第90行的内容如下:
if exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
这句话至少看起来有点蒙圈,尤其是\%~nx0.run这个东西,反正我第一次看见的时候我就想问问,这是毛啊,~nx0,下面看一下网上对于%~nx0的解释:
%~nx0 contains the name of the running batch file (without the path)
意思就是代表执行命令的文件的名字,我们来用实验证明一下,同样还是修改那个test.bat文件吧。;-)
@echo off
echo "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
如果按照上面的解释,那么输出的信息应该是C:\Users\Think\AppData\Local\Temp\test.bat.run,下面看一下运行结果:
咦事实证明说法正确,但是这个文件是不是存在呢,我们去TEMP目录下看一下,遗憾的是在C:\Users\Think\AppData\Local\Temp目录没有找到这个文件,所以还得顺序执行到第91行,91行的内容是:
echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
这个看起来很简单,既然不存在这个文件,那么我就自己创建一个,同时写入Y。也许你不信,所以我还是拿出个例子吧,还是test.bat呦:
@echo off
echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
在C:\Users\Think\AppData\Local\Temp目录下生成了test.bat.run文件,文件的内容果然为Y。至于生成的文件有何意义,以后再说。到现在位置我突然感慨,我很喜欢TOMCAT,它做了什么我都能知道,在接下来的一段时间内,我想把我看TOMCAT源代码的感受也下下来。也跟大家讨论一下TOMCAT的工作原理。有点远,扯回来,下面看一下92行的内容:
if not exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
这个一眼就看明白了,再次判断%~nx0.run文件是否存在,如果还是不存在,那么直接到mainEntry节点,由于我们此时此文件已经创建成功,那么顺序执行到第93行。
93行的内容为:
echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
这个同91行命令,不再强调。顺序执行到92行。
92行的内容为:
call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
看到之后感觉依然是蒙圈,这里面有两个点需要大家掌握:%~f0, %* 知道这两组符号是什么意思,就解决了。
%~f0:表示运行的文件的全路径,假如我在test.bat中如此写:
@echo off
@echo %%~f0 is %~f0
那么执行结果为:
OK。
%*:在batch file中,每一个命令的参数都以%1,%2,%3 .....的形式展现,我们也可以使用%来代替所有的参数,下面看修改万能测试文件test.bat中的内容如下:
@echo off
echo First argument: [%1]
echo Second argument: [%2]
echo Third argument: [%3]
echo Fourth argument: [%4]
echo Fifth argument: [%4]
echo Entire command line: [%*]
查看运行结果:
意思就是将在catalina.bat文件中自己调用自己,传递参数Y,下面看一下测试,将test.bat中的内容改为:
@echo off
call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
查看运行结果,在程序运行了一段时间以后,得出如下结论:
很奇怪,奇怪亮点,为什么运行的时候会有停顿,第二,为什么会产生这个结果。下面解决这两个困惑,我觉得程序在运行的时候肯定是在后台运行什么操作了,所以我将test.bat中的内容改了一下:
call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
然后再次运行,得到结果:
原来程序在输出最终结果之前一直到在调用自己,所以会有一个停顿的感觉。
第二:为什么会产生这个结果:
下面看第96行的内容:
set RETVAL=%ERRORLEVEL%
在前面的的内容中可能给大家一种误解,所以在看到这句话的时候,不知道是不是也有人跟我似的直接去环境变量中找ERRORLEVEL的值,找不到之后觉得我在忽悠大家,下面我跟大家说说这个ERRORLEVEL。不知道大家是不是了解在Linux中的$?这个结果返回值,其实ERRORLEVEL和$?差不多,都是用来表示上次执行结果的,如果返回0说明执行正确,如果不是0说明执行失败。例如在test.bat中的内容:
call %ERRORLEVEL%
执行结果:
下面看97行的内容:
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
这里面有/Q, >NUL, 2>&1需要跟大家解释一下:
/Q: 跟在del后面表示不需要交互式的删除。安静模式的意思。如在test.bat中的内容如下:
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
然后运行结果为:
此时文件系统中的文件确实已经被删除,只是在删除的过程中没有显示删除的过程,下面我们重新创建此文件,然后把/Q标记去掉以后在尝试一次:
>NUL 就是将输出输出到NUL中,这样有错误的情况下你什么都拿不到。
2>&1:2是值错误输出,&1是标准输出,意思就是将错误输出重定向到标准输出中
>NUL 2>&1的意思就是将错误输出重定向到标准输出,最后在重定向到NUL中,这样出现错误,你从表面上不会看出来。如果将test.bat中的删除操作执行多次,
@echo off
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
看结果:
也不会显示异常,如果将>NUL 2>&1删除以后,再次执行:
@echo off
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
结果就会显示出异常:
下面看第98行的内容:
exit /B %RETVAL%
下面的mainEntry和gotHome节点的信息同前一节刚开始的内容一样,所有就不再说明,如果对此有什么疑问,请查看查看tomcat启动文件都干点啥一节。在接下来的部分中我想把115-137行的内容放在一起说明,因为他们分为两部分,分别引入setenv.bat和setclasspath.bat并执行,
:okHome rem Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
rem but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed.
set CLASSPATH= rem Get standard environment variables
if "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotSetenvHome
if exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"
goto gotSetenvBase
:gotSetenvHome
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"
:gotSetenvBase rem Get standard Java environment variables
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath
echo Cannot find "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
echo This file is needed to run this program
goto end
:okSetclasspath
set "BASEDIR=%CATALINA_HOME%"
call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1
if errorlevel 1 goto end
这部分的操作就是设置环境变量,由于在tomcat7.0.8版本中不存在setenv.bat所以就不说了,setclasspath.bat这个脚本很重要,浏览一下其中的内容:
@echo off
rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
rem contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
rem the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
rem
rem http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
rem
rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
rem limitations under the License. rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
rem Set JAVA_HOME or JRE_HOME if not already set, ensure any provided settings
rem are valid and consistent with the selected start-up options and set up the
rem endorsed directory.
rem
rem $Id: setclasspath.bat 964208 2010-07-14 21:24:45Z markt $
rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- rem Make sure prerequisite environment variables are set
if not "%JAVA_HOME%" == "" goto gotJdkHome
if not "%JRE_HOME%" == "" goto gotJreHome
echo Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined
echo At least one of these environment variable is needed to run this program
goto exit :gotJreHome
if not exist "%JRE_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not exist "%JRE_HOME%\bin\javaw.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto okJavaHome
echo JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK in order to run in debug mode.
goto exit :gotJdkHome
if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javaw.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javac.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not "%JRE_HOME%" == "" goto okJavaHome
set "JRE_HOME=%JAVA_HOME%"
goto okJavaHome :noJavaHome
echo The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
echo NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE
goto exit
:okJavaHome if not "%BASEDIR%" == "" goto gotBasedir
echo The BASEDIR environment variable is not defined
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
goto exit
:gotBasedir
if exist "%BASEDIR%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okBasedir
echo The BASEDIR environment variable is not defined correctly
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
goto exit
:okBasedir rem Don't override the endorsed dir if the user has set it previously
if not "%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" == "" goto gotEndorseddir
rem Set the default -Djava.endorsed.dirs argument
set "JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=%BASEDIR%\endorsed"
:gotEndorseddir rem Set standard command for invoking Java.
rem Note that NT requires a window name argument when using start.
rem Also note the quoting as JAVA_HOME may contain spaces.
set _RUNJAVA="%JRE_HOME%\bin\java"
set _RUNJDB="%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb" goto end :exit
exit /b 1 :end
exit /b 0
其中就是关于JAVA环境的一些校验和变量的设置,重要性不言而喻,所以如果执行本步操作失败的情况下,程序将退出执行。
接下来是设置CLASSPATH的内容,看过前面的说明以后,对于下面的内容应该很容易就能看懂:
rem Add on extra jar file to CLASSPATH
rem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random
rem quotes into the CLASSPATH
if "%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;"
:emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar" if not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase
set "CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%"
:gotBase if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir
set "CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp"
:gotTmpdir rem Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
rem tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" goto juliClasspathHome
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
goto juliClasspathDone
:juliClasspathHome
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
:juliClasspathDone
将tomcat-juli.jar和bootstrap.jar的全路径追加到CLASSPATH中,究竟这两个jar包是做什么的,不是本文的范畴,只说明这两个jar包需要在CLASSPATH中体现。
接下来是关于Log选项的问题:
if not "%LOGGING_CONFIG%" == "" goto noJuliConfig
set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Dnop
if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" goto noJuliConfig
set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
:noJuliConfig
set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_CONFIG% if not "%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == "" goto noJuliManager
set LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
:noJuliManager
set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_MANAGER%
内容很简单,一看就明白,所以也不多说了。
在前面准备了这么久,接下来终于到执行的时候了。下面看一下这段脚本:
rem ----- Execute The Requested Command --------------------------------------- echo Using CATALINA_BASE: "%CATALINA_BASE%"
echo Using CATALINA_HOME: "%CATALINA_HOME%"
echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk
echo Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%"
goto java_dir_displayed
:use_jdk
echo Using JAVA_HOME: "%JAVA_HOME%"
:java_dir_displayed
echo Using CLASSPATH: "%CLASSPATH%" set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA%
set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
set ACTION=start
set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
set DEBUG_OPTS=
set JPDA= if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda
set JPDA=jpda
if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport
set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket
:gotJpdaTransport
if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress
set JPDA_ADDRESS=8000
:gotJpdaAddress
if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend
set JPDA_SUSPEND=n
:gotJpdaSuspend
if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts
set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
:gotJpdaOpts
shift
:noJpda if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug
if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun
if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart
if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop
if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion echo Usage: catalina ( commands ... )
echo commands:
echo debug Start Catalina in a debugger
echo debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager
echo jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo run Start Catalina in the current window
echo run -security Start in the current window with security manager
echo start Start Catalina in a separate window
echo start -security Start in a separate window with security manager
echo stop Stop Catalina
echo version What version of tomcat are you running?
goto end :doDebug
shift
set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB%
set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd :doRun
shift
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd :doStart
shift
if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle
if "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat
set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA%
goto gotTitle
:noTitle
set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA%
:gotTitle
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd :doStop
shift
set ACTION=stop
set CATALINA_OPTS=
goto execCmd :doVersion
%_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
goto end :execCmd
rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
shift
goto setArgs
:doneSetArgs rem Execute Java with the applicable properties
if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end :end
前三行的内容是将当前设置的变量进行输出,
echo Using CATALINA_BASE: "%CATALINA_BASE%"
echo Using CATALINA_HOME: "%CATALINA_HOME%"
echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
CATALINA_BASE,CATALINA_HOME,CATALINA_TMPDIR这三个变量在startup.bat或者catalina.bat中已经提前设置了,射出只是为了提示用户当前的运行环境,接下来看181-187行的内容:
if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk
echo Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%"
goto java_dir_displayed
:use_jdk
echo Using JAVA_HOME: "%JAVA_HOME%"
:java_dir_displayed
echo Using CLASSPATH: "%CLASSPATH%"
在解释这段内容之前,我建议大家要对setclasspath.bat中的内容有所了解,因为setclasspath.bat中包含对与JRE_HOME,JAVA_HOME变量的逻辑处理和定义。这段内容的意思就是说如果catalina.bat接收到的第一个参数是debug,那么就到use_jdk节点,由于一般情况下我们是用startup.bat脚本调用catalina.bat脚本,所以第一个参数应该是start,所以应该顺序执行到182行echo Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%",然后执行到java_dir_displayed节点,至于为什么debug的时候不使用JRE_HOME这个变量,我们先记下,在以后的章节中在讨论。
在189-194行中是设置一些变量,内容如下:
set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA%
set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
set ACTION=start
set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
set DEBUG_OPTS=
set JPDA=
这里面要说两点,%_RUNJAVA%变量和org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap,其中%_RUNJAVA%是在setclasspath.bat文件中定义的,其值为"%JRE_HOME%\bin\java",
MAINCLASS写过JAVA程序的人应该都知道是做什么用的,关键是org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap这个值是怎么来的,在哪里定义的,记得在catalina.bat中有过这么一个设置:CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar,其中org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap就是该jar包中的一个类。具体内容以及意义不再此展开。
第196行-211行是对jpda()的处理,因为咱们没有涉及,关于jdpa的内容不在此展开,因为我们不涉及所以跳过此步骤:
if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda
set JPDA=jpda
if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport
set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket
:gotJpdaTransport
if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress
set JPDA_ADDRESS=8000
:gotJpdaAddress
if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend
set JPDA_SUSPEND=n
:gotJpdaSuspend
if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts
set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
:gotJpdaOpts
shift
:noJpda
再次记下一个知识点JDPA。
下面到noJpda节点,内容如下:
if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug
if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun
if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart
if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop
if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion echo Usage: catalina ( commands ... )
echo commands:
echo debug Start Catalina in a debugger
echo debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager
echo jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo run Start Catalina in the current window
echo run -security Start in the current window with security manager
echo start Start Catalina in a separate window
echo start -security Start in a separate window with security manager
echo stop Stop Catalina
echo version What version of tomcat are you running?
goto end
其中
if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug
if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun
if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart
if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop
if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion
是根据用户输入的具体命令,跳转到具体的处理节点,例如输入的命令,那么就到doStart节点,219行-230行的内容是,如果你输入的第一个参数不再预设的命令当中,给你的提示:
echo Usage: catalina ( commands ... )
echo commands:
echo debug Start Catalina in a debugger
echo debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager
echo jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo run Start Catalina in the current window
echo run -security Start in the current window with security manager
echo start Start Catalina in a separate window
echo start -security Start in a separate window with security manager
echo stop Stop Catalina
echo version What version of tomcat are you running?
goto end
下面先看232行-240行的doDebug节点的内容:
:doDebug
shift
set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB%
set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd
同样%_RUNJDB%变量去setclasspath.bat文件中找定义,235行的内容配置DEBUG_OPTS,接下来是安全策略的问题,如果指定参数"-security",那么就需要加载安全策略文件,安全策略文件为%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy,内容如下:
// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
// contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
// this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
// The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
// (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
// the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License. // ============================================================================
// catalina.policy - Security Policy Permissions for Tomcat 7
//
// This file contains a default set of security policies to be enforced (by the
// JVM) when Catalina is executed with the "-security" option. In addition
// to the permissions granted here, the following additional permissions are
// granted specific to each web application:
//
// * Read access to its document root directory
// * Read, write and delete access to its working directory
//
// $Id: catalina.policy 981453 2010-08-02 11:00:51Z markt $
// ============================================================================ // ========== SYSTEM CODE PERMISSIONS ========================================= // These permissions apply to javac
grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/lib/-" {
permission java.security.AllPermission;
}; // These permissions apply to all shared system extensions
grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/jre/lib/ext/-" {
permission java.security.AllPermission;
}; // These permissions apply to javac when ${java.home] points at $JAVA_HOME/jre
grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/../lib/-" {
permission java.security.AllPermission;
}; // These permissions apply to all shared system extensions when
// ${java.home} points at $JAVA_HOME/jre
grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/lib/ext/-" {
permission java.security.AllPermission;
}; // ========== CATALINA CODE PERMISSIONS ======================================= // These permissions apply to the daemon code
grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/commons-daemon.jar" {
permission java.security.AllPermission;
}; // These permissions apply to the logging API
// Note: If tomcat-juli.jar is in ${catalina.base} and not in ${catalina.home},
// update this section accordingly.
// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" {..}
grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" {
permission java.io.FilePermission
"${java.home}${file.separator}lib${file.separator}logging.properties", "read"; permission java.io.FilePermission
"${catalina.base}${file.separator}conf${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
permission java.io.FilePermission
"${catalina.base}${file.separator}logs", "read, write";
permission java.io.FilePermission
"${catalina.base}${file.separator}logs${file.separator}*", "read, write"; permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "shutdownHooks";
permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "getClassLoader";
permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "setContextClassLoader"; permission java.util.logging.LoggingPermission "control"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.util.logging.config.class", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.util.logging.config.file", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "catalina.base", "read"; // Note: To enable per context logging configuration, permit read access to
// the appropriate file. Be sure that the logging configuration is
// secure before enabling such access.
// E.g. for the examples web application:
// permission java.io.FilePermission "${catalina.base}${file.separator}
// webapps${file.separator}examples${file.separator}WEB-INF
// ${file.separator}classes${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
}; // These permissions apply to the server startup code
grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/bootstrap.jar" {
permission java.security.AllPermission;
}; // These permissions apply to the servlet API classes
// and those that are shared across all class loaders
// located in the "lib" directory
grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/lib/-" {
permission java.security.AllPermission;
}; // If using a per instance lib directory, i.e. ${catalina.base}/lib,
// then the following permission will need to be uncommented
// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/lib/-" {
// permission java.security.AllPermission;
// }; // ========== WEB APPLICATION PERMISSIONS ===================================== // These permissions are granted by default to all web applications
// In addition, a web application will be given a read FilePermission
// and JndiPermission for all files and directories in its document root.
grant {
// Required for JNDI lookup of named JDBC DataSource's and
// javamail named MimePart DataSource used to send mail
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.home", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.naming.*", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "javax.sql.*", "read"; // OS Specific properties to allow read access
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.name", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.version", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.arch", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "file.separator", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "path.separator", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "line.separator", "read"; // JVM properties to allow read access
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.version", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor.url", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.class.version", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.version", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.vendor", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.name", "read"; permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.version", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.vendor", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.name", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.version", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.vendor", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.name", "read"; // Required for OpenJMX
permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "getAttribute"; // Allow read of JAXP compliant XML parser debug
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "jaxp.debug", "read"; // All JSPs need to be able to read this package
permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.tomcat"; // Precompiled JSPs need access to these packages.
permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.el";
permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime";
permission java.lang.RuntimePermission
"accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime.*"; // Precompiled JSPs need access to these system properties.
permission java.util.PropertyPermission
"org.apache.jasper.runtime.BodyContentImpl.LIMIT_BUFFER", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission
"org.apache.el.parser.COERCE_TO_ZERO", "read"; // The cookie code needs these.
permission java.util.PropertyPermission
"org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission
"org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.STRICT_NAMING", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission
"org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.FWD_SLASH_IS_SEPARATOR", "read"; // Applications using Comet need to be able to access this package
permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.comet";
}; // The Manager application needs access to the following packages to support the
// session display functionality
grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/manager/-" {
permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina";
permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager";
permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager.util";
}; // You can assign additional permissions to particular web applications by
// adding additional "grant" entries here, based on the code base for that
// application, /WEB-INF/classes/, or /WEB-INF/lib/ jar files.
//
// Different permissions can be granted to JSP pages, classes loaded from
// the /WEB-INF/classes/ directory, all jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib/
// directory, or even to individual jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib/ directory.
//
// For instance, assume that the standard "examples" application
// included a JDBC driver that needed to establish a network connection to the
// corresponding database and used the scrape taglib to get the weather from
// the NOAA web server. You might create a "grant" entries like this:
//
// The permissions granted to the context root directory apply to JSP pages.
// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/-" {
// permission java.net.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect";
// permission java.net.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect";
// };
//
// The permissions granted to the context WEB-INF/classes directory
// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/-" {
// };
//
// The permission granted to your JDBC driver
// grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/driver.jar!/-" {
// permission java.net.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect";
// };
// The permission granted to the scrape taglib
// grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/scrape.jar!/-" {
// permission java.net.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect";
// };
里面涉及到一些权限的设置,有兴趣大家可以仔细研究。最终执行execCmd节点的脚本。
242行-248行doRun节点内容如下:
:doRun
shift
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd
内容同doDebug内容相似,只是判断是不是需要加载安全配置文件。
250行-263行的doStart节点:
:doStart
shift
if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle
if "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat
set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA%
goto gotTitle
:noTitle
set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA%
:gotTitle
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd
主要内容就是,如果%OS%环境变量不是Windows_NT,那么不设置标题,直接判断是否需要加载安全配置文件,如果%OS%环境变量的值为Windows_NT,那么设置Title变量,如果没有指定Title变量,默认值为Tomcat,设置完_EXECJAVA变量以后,执行execCmd节点的脚本。
265行-269行的doStop节点,内容比较简单,主要就是设置一下ACTION变量,内容如下:
:doStop
shift
set ACTION=stop
set CATALINA_OPTS=
goto execCmd
271行-273行的doVersion节点,就是调用了一下"%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar"中的org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo方法,内容如下:
:doVersion
%_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
goto end
下面真正的重点来了,execCmd节点,其中有和startup.bat中处理参与一样功能的节点setArgs,从279行-283行,循环读出参数中的内容追加到CMD_LINE_ARGS变量中,内容如下:
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
shift
goto setArgs
286行-300行的内容就是真正的执行方法了,先看内容:
rem Execute Java with the applicable properties
if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
是不是有点长,是不是有点看不懂,是不是觉得很麻烦,不要着急,我想一个办法,更直观的观察这里面究竟是什么东西:下面我在这些脚本上添点东西,弄成这个样子:
rem Execute Java with the applicable properties
if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
echo 1 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
echo 2 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
echo 3 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
echo 4 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end :end
pause
其实很简单,就是把内容输出,然后为了能看清,我在后面加了个pause,嘿嘿,下面我从startup.bat启动catalina.bat以后看输出结果:
Using CATALINA_BASE: "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8"
Using CATALINA_HOME: "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8"
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\temp"
Using JRE_HOME: "E:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_40"
Using CLASSPATH: "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\bootstrap.jar;F:\apache-tomca
t-7.0.8\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
1 start "Tomcat" "E:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_40\bin\java" -Djava.util.loggi
ng.config.file="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\conf\logging.properties" -Djava.util.logg
ing.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.endorsed.dirs="F:\apa
che-tomcat-7.0.8\endorsed" -classpath "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\bootstrap.jar;
F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" -Dcatalina.base="F:\apache-tomcat-7.
0.8" -Dcatalina.home="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8" -Djava.io.tmpdir="F:\apache-tomcat
-7.0.8\temp" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
请按任意键继续. . .
分析一下结果得出如下结论:
_EXECJAVA=start "Tomcat" "E:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_40\bin\java"
JAVA_OPTS= -Djava.util.logging.config.file="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\conf\logging.properties"
-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
CATALINA_OPTS=
DEBUG_OPTS=
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\endorsed"
-classpath "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\bootstrap.jar;F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
-Dcatalina.base="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8"
-Dcatalina.home="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8"
-Djava.io.tmpdir="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\temp"
MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
CMD_LINE_ARGS= ACTION=start
至于其他情况,大家自己研究吧,希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。在文中有三处疑问(标红加粗字体),由于和本文关心不太大,在以后说明,如果谁愿意交流也可以写在评论中,昨天晚上写了这些,脑袋都混乱了,好像如果有不正确的地方,欢迎大家指认。