老猿前期执行如下代码时报“‘utf-8’ codec can’t decode byte”错，代码及错误信息如下：
>>> import urllib.request
>>> def mkhead():
header = {'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3',
'Accept-Encoding':'gzip',
'Accept-Language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
'Connection':'keep-alive',
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36'}
return header
>>> def readweb(site):
header = mkhead()
try:
req = urllib.request.Request(url=site,headers=header)
text = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return None
else:return text
>>> readweb(r'https://blog.csdn.net/LaoYuanPython')
'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x8b in position 1: invalid start byte
>>>
才开始以为是decode编码的问题，试了gbk等方式还是不行，最后发现是因为http请求报文头“‘Accept-Encoding’:‘gzip’”导致服务器返回的报文压缩了，把这个报文头信息去掉再执行就ok了，如下：
>>> import urllib.request
>>> def mkhead():
header = {'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3',
'Accept-Language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
'Connection':'keep-alive',
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36'}
return header
>>> def readweb(site):
header = mkhead()
try:
req = urllib.request.Request(url=site,headers=header)
text = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return None
else:return text
>>> readweb(r'https://blog.csdn.net/LaoYuanPython')
Squeezed text(273 lines)
>>> readweb(r'https://blog.csdn.net/LaoYuanPython')[0:100]
'<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang="zh-CN">\n<head>\n <meta charset="UTF-8">\n <link rel="canonical" href'
>>>
如果希望处理压缩报文，请参考《第14.7节 Python模拟浏览器访问实现http报文体压缩传输》。
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