一想到Android到数据库,只需要想到一个类 SQLiteOpenHelper,然后写一个类继承 SQLiteOpenHelper,重写构造方法,对数据库进行配置
public class MySQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
public MySQLiteOpenHelper(Context context, String name, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version) {
super(context, name, factory, version);
}
}
SqliteDatabase数据库,所写的所有SQL语句都是通过系统sqlite.c文件执行成数据库文件的,SQlite数据库是关系型数据库,轻量级,体积小等特点
实现MySQLiteOpenHelper数据库帮助类:
package liudeli.datastorage.db; import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; public class MySQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { public static MySQLiteOpenHelper mySQLiteOpenHelper; private static final String DB_NAME = "person_info.db";
private static final int VERSION = 1; public synchronized static MySQLiteOpenHelper getInstance(Context context) {
if (null == mySQLiteOpenHelper) {
mySQLiteOpenHelper = new MySQLiteOpenHelper(context, DB_NAME, null, VERSION);
}
return mySQLiteOpenHelper;
} /**
* 当开发者调用 getReadableDatabase(); 或者 getWritableDatabase();
* 就会通过此构造方法配置的信息 来创建 person_info.db 数据库
* 此方法的另外作用是,如果存着数据库就打开数据库,不存着数据库就创建数据库
* @param context 上下文
* @param name 数据库名
* @param factory 游标工厂
* @param version 版本,最低为1
*/
private MySQLiteOpenHelper(Context context, String name, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version) {
super(context, name, factory, version);
} /**
* 此方法是何时调用? ,是需要开发者调用 getReadableDatabase(); 或者 getWritableDatabase();
* 此方法的作用是,如果没有表就创建打开,如果有表就打开
* @param db 可执行SQL语句
*/
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.execSQL("create table student_table(_id integer primary key autoincrement, name text, age integer);");
} /**
* 此方法用于数据库升级
* @param db 可执行SQL语句
* @param oldVersion 以前旧版本的版本号
* @param newVersion 现在目前最新的版本号
*/
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { }
}
写SQL语句进行增删改查操作:
package liudeli.datastorage; import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button; import liudeli.datastorage.db.MySQLiteOpenHelper; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { private final String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName(); private MySQLiteOpenHelper mySQLiteOpenHelper; @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mySQLiteOpenHelper = MySQLiteOpenHelper.getInstance(this); // person_info.db创建成功 table表创建成功 还有一个很重要的作用:刷新数据库 刷新表数据等
mySQLiteOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
mySQLiteOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(); initViewListener();
} private void initViewListener() {
Button btQuery = findViewById(R.id.bt_query);
Button btInsert = findViewById(R.id.bt_insert);
Button btUpdate = findViewById(R.id.bt_update);
Button btDelete = findViewById(R.id.bt_delete); btQuery.setOnClickListener(this);
btInsert.setOnClickListener(this);
btUpdate.setOnClickListener(this);
btDelete.setOnClickListener(this);
} @Override
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart(); } /**
* 虽然之需要一次 getWritableDatabase getReadableDatabase 就可以来,为什么还需要每次点击都执行一次?
* 答:getWritableDatabase getReadableDatabase 还有一个很重要的作用:刷新数据库 刷新表数据等
* @param v
*/
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.bt_query: {
SQLiteDatabase db = mySQLiteOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select * from "+MySQLiteOpenHelper.TABLE_NAME+";", null);
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
int _id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("_id"));
String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
int age = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("age"));
Log.d(TAG, "_id:" + _id + " name:" + name + " age:" + age);
}
db.close();
break;
}
case R.id.bt_insert: {
SQLiteDatabase db = mySQLiteOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
db.execSQL("insert into " + MySQLiteOpenHelper.TABLE_NAME + "(name,age) values('刘德利',19);");
db.close();
break;
}
case R.id.bt_update: {
SQLiteDatabase db = mySQLiteOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
db.execSQL("update student_table set name='德利' where _id = 1;");
db.close();
break;
}
case R.id.bt_delete: {
SQLiteDatabase db = mySQLiteOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
db.execSQL("delete from student_table where _id = 1;");
db.close();
break;
}
default:
break;
}
}
}
布局代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity"> <Button
android:id="@+id/bt_query"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="查询"
/> <Button
android:id="@+id/bt_insert"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="插入"
/> <Button
android:id="@+id/bt_update"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="修改"
/> <Button
android:id="@+id/bt_delete"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="删除"
/> </LinearLayout>