K8S之存储ConfigMap概述与说明，并详解常用ConfigMap示例
主机配置规划
| 服务器名称(hostname) | 系统版本 | 配置 | 内网IP | 外网IP(模拟) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| k8s-master | CentOS7.7 | 2C/4G/20G | 172.16.1.110 | 10.0.0.110 |
| k8s-node01 | CentOS7.7 | 2C/4G/20G | 172.16.1.111 | 10.0.0.111 |
| k8s-node02 | CentOS7.7 | 2C/4G/20G | 172.16.1.112 | 10.0.0.112 |
ConfigMap概述
ConfigMap 是一种 API 对象，用来将非机密性的数据保存到健值对中。使用时可以用作环境变量、命令行参数或者存储卷中的配置文件。
ConfigMap 将环境配置信息和容器镜像解耦，便于应用配置的修改。当你需要储存机密信息时可以使用 Secret 对象。
备注：ConfigMap 并不提供保密或者加密功能。如果你想存储的数据是机密的，请使用 Secret；或者使用其他第三方工具来保证数据的私密性，而不是用 ConfigMap。
ConfigMap创建方式
通过目录创建
配置文件目录
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# pwd
2 /root/k8s_practice/storage
3 [root@k8s-master storage]# ll /root/k8s_practice/storage/configmap # 配置文件存在哪个目录下
4 total 8
5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 159 Jun 7 14:52 game.properties
6 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 83 Jun 7 14:53 ui.properties
7 [root@k8s-master storage]#
8 [root@k8s-master storage]# cat configmap/game.properties # 涉及文件1
9 enemies=aliens
10 lives=3
11 enemies.cheat=true
12 enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
13 secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAs
14 secret.code.allowed=true
15 secret.code.lives=30
16
17 [root@k8s-master storage]#
18 [root@k8s-master storage]# cat configmap/ui.properties # 涉及文件2
19 color.good=purple
20 color.bad=yellow
21 allow.textmode=true
22 how.nice.to.look=fairlyNice
创建ConfigMap并查看状态
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl create configmap game-config --from-file=/root/k8s_practice/storage/configmap
2 configmap/game-config created
3 [root@k8s-master storage]#
4 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get configmap
5 NAME DATA AGE
6 game-config 2 14s
查看ConfigMap有哪些数据
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get configmap -o yaml ##### 查看方式1
2 apiVersion: v1
3 items:
4 - apiVersion: v1
5 data:
6 game.properties: |+ ##### 本段最后有一行空格，+ 表示保留字符串行末尾的换行
7 enemies=aliens
8 lives=3
9 enemies.cheat=true
10 enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
11 secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAs
12 secret.code.allowed=true
13 secret.code.lives=30
14
15 ui.properties: |
16 color.good=purple
17 color.bad=yellow
18 allow.textmode=true
19 how.nice.to.look=fairlyNice
20 kind: ConfigMap
21 metadata:
22 creationTimestamp: "2020-06-07T06:57:28Z"
23 name: game-config
24 namespace: default
25 resourceVersion: "889177"
26 selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/game-config
27 uid: 6952ac85-ded0-4c5e-89fd-b0c6f0546ecf
28 kind: List
29 metadata:
30 resourceVersion: ""
31 selfLink: ""
32 [root@k8s-master storage]#
33 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl describe configmap game-config ##### 查看方式2
34 Name: game-config
35 Namespace: default
36 Labels: <none>
37 Annotations: <none>
38
39 Data
40 ====
41 game.properties:
42 ----
43 enemies=aliens
44 lives=3
45 enemies.cheat=true
46 enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
47 secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAs
48 secret.code.allowed=true
49 secret.code.lives=30
50
51
52 ui.properties:
53 ----
54 color.good=purple
55 color.bad=yellow
56 allow.textmode=true
57 how.nice.to.look=fairlyNice
58
59 Events: <none>
通过文件创建
配置文件位置
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# pwd
2 /root/k8s_practice/storage
3 [root@k8s-master storage]# cat /root/k8s_practice/storage/configmap/game.properties
4 enemies=aliens
5 lives=3
6 enemies.cheat=true
7 enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
8 secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAs
9 secret.code.allowed=true
10 secret.code.lives=30
创建ConfigMap并查看状态
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl create configmap game-config-2 --from-file=/root/k8s_practice/storage/configmap/game.properties
2 configmap/game-config-2 created
3 [root@k8s-master storage]#
4 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get configmap game-config-2
5 NAME DATA AGE
6 game-config-2 1 29s
查看ConfigMap有哪些数据
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get configmap game-config-2 -o yaml ##### 查看方式1
2 apiVersion: v1
3 data:
4 game.properties: |+ ##### 本段最后有一行空格，+ 表示保留字符串行末尾的换行
5 enemies=aliens
6 lives=3
7 enemies.cheat=true
8 enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
9 secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAs
10 secret.code.allowed=true
11 secret.code.lives=30
12
13 kind: ConfigMap
14 metadata:
15 creationTimestamp: "2020-06-07T07:05:47Z"
16 name: game-config-2
17 namespace: default
18 resourceVersion: "890437"
19 selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/game-config-2
20 uid: 02d99802-c23f-45ad-b4e1-dea9bcb166d8
21 [root@k8s-master storage]#
22 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl describe configmap game-config-2 ##### 查看方式2
23 Name: game-config-2
24 Namespace: default
25 Labels: <none>
26 Annotations: <none>
27
28 Data
29 ====
30 game.properties:
31 ----
32 enemies=aliens
33 lives=3
34 enemies.cheat=true
35 enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
36 secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAs
37 secret.code.allowed=true
38 secret.code.lives=30
39
40
41 Events: <none>
通过命令行创建
创建ConfigMap并查看状态
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# pwd
2 /root/k8s_practice/storage
3 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl create configmap special-config --from-literal=special.how=very --from-literal="special.type=charm"
4 configmap/special-config created
5 [root@k8s-master storage]#
6 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get configmap special-config
7 NAME DATA AGE
8 special-config 2 23s
查看ConfigMap有哪些数据
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get configmap special-config -o yaml ##### 查看方式1
2 apiVersion: v1
3 data:
4 special.how: very
5 special.type: charm
6 kind: ConfigMap
7 metadata:
8 creationTimestamp: "2020-06-07T09:32:04Z"
9 name: special-config
10 namespace: default
11 resourceVersion: "912702"
12 selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/special-config
13 uid: 76698e78-1380-4826-b5ac-d9c81f746eac
14 [root@k8s-master storage]#
15 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl describe configmap special-config ##### 查看方式2
16 Name: special-config
17 Namespace: default
18 Labels: <none>
19 Annotations: <none>
20
21 Data
22 ====
23 special.how:
24 ----
25 very
26 special.type:
27 ----
28 charm
29 Events: <none>
通过yaml文件创建
yaml文件
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# pwd
2 /root/k8s_practice/storage
3 [root@k8s-master storage]# cat configmap.yaml
4 apiVersion: v1
5 kind: ConfigMap
6 metadata:
7 name: configmap-demo
8 data:
9 # 类属性键；每一个键都映射到一个简单的值
10 player_initial_lives: "3"
11 ui_properties_file_name: 'user-interface.properties'
12 #
13 # 类文件键
14 game.properties: |
15 enemy.types=aliens,monsters
16 player.maximum-lives=5
17 user-interface.properties: |
18 color.good=purple
19 color.bad=yellow
20 allow.textmode=true
创建ConfigMap并查看状态
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl apply -f configmap.yaml
2 configmap/configmap-demo created
3 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get configmap configmap-demo
4 NAME DATA AGE
5 configmap-demo 4 2m59s
查看ConfigMap有哪些数据
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get configmap configmap-demo -o yaml ##### 查看方式1
2 apiVersion: v1
3 data:
4 game.properties: |
5 enemy.types=aliens,monsters
6 player.maximum-lives=5
7 player_initial_lives: "3"
8 ui_properties_file_name: user-interface.properties
9 user-interface.properties: |
10 color.good=purple
11 color.bad=yellow
12 allow.textmode=true
13 kind: ConfigMap
14 metadata:
15 annotations:
16 kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
17 {"apiVersion":"v1","data":{"game.properties":"enemy.types=aliens,monsters\nplayer.maximum-lives=5\n","player_initial_lives":"3","ui_properties_file_name":"user-interface.properties","user-interface.properties":"color.good=purple\ncolor.bad=yellow\nallow.textmode=true\n"},"kind":"ConfigMap","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"configmap-demo","namespace":"default"}}
18 creationTimestamp: "2020-06-07T11:36:46Z"
19 name: configmap-demo
20 namespace: default
21 resourceVersion: "931685"
22 selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/configmap-demo
23 uid: fdad7000-87bd-4b72-be98-40dd8fe6400a
24 [root@k8s-master storage]#
25 [root@k8s-master storage]#
26 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl describe configmap configmap-demo ##### 查看方式2
27 Name: configmap-demo
28 Namespace: default
29 Labels: <none>
30 Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:
31 {"apiVersion":"v1","data":{"game.properties":"enemy.types=aliens,monsters\nplayer.maximum-lives=5\n","player_initial_lives":"3","ui_proper...
32
33 Data
34 ====
35 game.properties:
36 ----
37 enemy.types=aliens,monsters
38 player.maximum-lives=5
39
40 player_initial_lives:
41 ----
42 3
43 ui_properties_file_name:
44 ----
45 user-interface.properties
46 user-interface.properties:
47 ----
48 color.good=purple
49 color.bad=yellow
50 allow.textmode=true
51
52 Events: <none>
Pod中使用ConfigMap
如何在Pod中使用上述的ConfigMap信息。
当前存在的ConfigMap
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get configmap
2 NAME DATA AGE
3 configmap-demo 4 30m
4 game-config 2 5h9m
5 game-config-2 1 5h1m
6 special-config 2 5m48s
使用ConfigMap来替代环境变量
yaml文件
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# pwd
2 /root/k8s_practice/storage
3 [root@k8s-master storage]# cat pod_configmap_env.yaml
4 apiVersion: v1
5 kind: Pod
6 metadata:
7 name: pod-configmap-env
8 spec:
9 containers:
10 - name: myapp
11 image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v1
12 command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "env"]
13 ### 引用方式1
14 env:
15 - name: SPECAIL_HOW_KEY
16 valueFrom:
17 configMapKeyRef:
18 name: special-config ### 这个name的值来自 ConfigMap
19 key: special.how ### 这个key的值为需要取值的键
20 - name: SPECAIL_TPYE_KEY
21 valueFrom:
22 configMapKeyRef:
23 name: special-config
24 key: special.type
25 ### 引用方式2
26 envFrom:
27 - configMapRef:
28 name: game-config-2 ### 这个name的值来自 ConfigMap
29 restartPolicy: Never
启动pod并查看状态
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl apply -f pod_configmap_env.yaml
2 pod/pod-configmap-env created
3 [root@k8s-master storage]#
4 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get pod -o wide
5 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
6 pod-configmap-env 0/1 Completed 0 6s 10.244.2.147 k8s-node02 <none> <none>
查看打印日志
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl logs pod-configmap-env
2 MYAPP_SVC_PORT_80_TCP_ADDR=10.98.57.156
3 KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT=443
4 KUBERNETES_PORT=tcp://10.96.0.1:443
5 MYAPP_SVC_PORT_80_TCP_PORT=80
6 HOSTNAME=pod-configmap-env
7 SHLVL=1
8 MYAPP_SVC_PORT_80_TCP_PROTO=tcp
9 HOME=/root
10 SPECAIL_HOW_KEY=very ### 来自ConfigMap
11 game.properties=enemies=aliens ### 来自ConfigMap
12 lives=3 ### 来自ConfigMap
13 enemies.cheat=true ### 来自ConfigMap
14 enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten ### 来自ConfigMap
15 secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAs ### 来自ConfigMap
16 secret.code.allowed=true ### 来自ConfigMap
17 secret.code.lives=30 ### 来自ConfigMap
18
19
20 SPECAIL_TPYE_KEY=charm ### 来自ConfigMap
21 MYAPP_SVC_PORT_80_TCP=tcp://10.98.57.156:80
22 NGINX_VERSION=1.12.2
23 KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR=10.96.0.1
24 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
25 KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PORT=443
26 KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO=tcp
27 MYAPP_SVC_SERVICE_HOST=10.98.57.156
28 KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS=443
29 KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP=tcp://10.96.0.1:443
30 PWD=/
31 KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST=10.96.0.1
32 MYAPP_SVC_SERVICE_PORT=80
33 MYAPP_SVC_PORT=tcp://10.98.57.156:80
使用ConfigMap设置命令行参数
yaml文件
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# pwd
2 /root/k8s_practice/storage
3 [root@k8s-master storage]# cat pod_configmap_cmd.yaml
4 apiVersion: v1
5 kind: Pod
6 metadata:
7 name: pod-configmap-cmd
8 spec:
9 containers:
10 - name: myapp
11 image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v1
12 command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo \"===$(SPECAIL_HOW_KEY)===$(SPECAIL_TPYE_KEY)===\""]
13 env:
14 - name: SPECAIL_HOW_KEY
15 valueFrom:
16 configMapKeyRef:
17 name: special-config
18 key: special.how
19 - name: SPECAIL_TPYE_KEY
20 valueFrom:
21 configMapKeyRef:
22 name: special-config
23 key: special.type
24 restartPolicy: Never
启动pod并查看状态
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl apply -f pod_configmap_cmd.yaml
2 pod/pod-configmap-cmd created
3 [root@k8s-master storage]#
4 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get pod -o wide
5 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
6 pod-configmap-cmd 0/1 Completed 0 5s 10.244.4.125 k8s-node01 <none> <none>
查看打印日志
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl logs pod-configmap-cmd
2 ===very===charm===
通过数据卷插件使用ConfigMap【推荐】
在数据卷里面使用ConfigMap，最基本的就是将文件填入数据卷，在这个文件中，键就是文件名【第一层级的键】，键值就是文件内容。
yaml文件
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# pwd
2 /root/k8s_practice/storage
3 [root@k8s-master storage]# cat pod_configmap_volume.yaml
4 apiVersion: v1
5 kind: Pod
6 metadata:
7 name: pod-configmap-volume
8 spec:
9 containers:
10 - name: myapp
11 image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v1
12 #command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "ls -l /etc/config/"]
13 command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "sleep 600"]
14 volumeMounts:
15 - name: config-volume
16 mountPath: /etc/config
17 volumes:
18 - name: config-volume
19 configMap:
20 name: configmap-demo
21 restartPolicy: Never
启动pod并查看状态
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl apply -f pod_configmap_volume.yaml
2 pod/pod-configmap-volume created
3 [root@k8s-master storage]#
4 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get pod -o wide
5 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
6 pod-configmap-volume 1/1 Running 0 5s 10.244.2.153 k8s-node02 <none> <none>
进入pod并查看
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl exec -it pod-configmap-volume sh
2 / # ls /etc/config
3 game.properties player_initial_lives ui_properties_file_name user-interface.properties
4 / #
5 / #
6 / #
7 / # cat /etc/config/player_initial_lives
8 3/ #
9 / #
10 / #
11 / # cat /etc/config/ui_properties_file_name
12 user-interface.properties/ #
13 / #
14 / #
15 / # cat /etc/config/game.properties
16 enemy.types=aliens,monsters
17 player.maximum-lives=5
18 / #
19 / #
20 / # cat /etc/config/user-interface.properties
21 color.good=purple
22 color.bad=yellow
23 allow.textmode=true
ConfigMap热更新
准备工作
yaml文件
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# pwd
2 /root/k8s_practice/storage
3 [root@k8s-master storage]# cat pod_configmap_hot.yaml
4 apiVersion: v1
5 kind: ConfigMap
6 metadata:
7 name: log-config
8 namespace: default
9 data:
10 log_level: INFO
11 ---
12 apiVersion: apps/v1
13 kind: Deployment
14 metadata:
15 name: myapp-deploy
16 namespace: default
17 spec:
18 replicas: 2
19 selector:
20 matchLabels:
21 app: myapp
22 release: v1
23 template:
24 metadata:
25 labels:
26 app: myapp
27 release: v1
28 env: test
29 spec:
30 containers:
31 - name: myapp
32 image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v1
33 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
34 ports:
35 - containerPort: 80
36 volumeMounts:
37 - name: config-volume
38 mountPath: /etc/config
39 volumes:
40 - name: config-volume
41 configMap:
42 name: log-config
应用yaml文件并查看状态
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl apply -f pod_configmap_hot.yaml
2 configmap/log-config created
3 deployment.apps/myapp-deploy created
4 [root@k8s-master storage]#
5 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get configmap log-config
6 NAME DATA AGE
7 log-config 1 21s
8 [root@k8s-master storage]#
9 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get pod -o wide
10 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
11 myapp-deploy-58ff9c997-drhwk 1/1 Running 0 30s 10.244.2.154 k8s-node02 <none> <none>
12 myapp-deploy-58ff9c997-n68j2 1/1 Running 0 30s 10.244.4.126 k8s-node01 <none> <none>
查看ConfigMap信息
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get configmap log-config -o yaml
2 apiVersion: v1
3 data:
4 log_level: INFO
5 kind: ConfigMap
6 metadata:
7 annotations:
8 kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
9 {"apiVersion":"v1","data":{"log_level":"INFO"},"kind":"ConfigMap","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"log-config","namespace":"default"}}
10 creationTimestamp: "2020-06-07T16:08:11Z"
11 name: log-config
12 namespace: default
13 resourceVersion: "971348"
14 selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/log-config
15 uid: 7e78e1d7-12de-4601-9915-cefbc96ca305
查看pod中的ConfigMap信息
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl exec -it myapp-deploy-58ff9c997-drhwk -- cat /etc/config/log_level
2 INFO
热更新
修改ConfigMap
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl edit configmap log-config ### 将 INFO 改为了 DEBUG
2 # Please edit the object below. Lines beginning with a '#' will be ignored,
3 # and an empty file will abort the edit. If an error occurs while saving this file will be
4 # reopened with the relevant failures.
5 #
6 apiVersion: v1
7 data:
8 log_level: DEBUG
9 kind: ConfigMap
10 metadata:
11 annotations:
12 kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
13 {"apiVersion":"v1","data":{"log_level":"DEBUG"},"kind":"ConfigMap","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"log-config","namespace":"default"}}
14 creationTimestamp: "2020-06-07T16:08:11Z"
15 name: log-config
16 namespace: default
17 resourceVersion: "971348"
18 selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/log-config
19 uid: 7e78e1d7-12de-4601-9915-cefbc96ca305
查看ConfigMap信息
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl get configmap log-config -o yaml
2 apiVersion: v1
3 data:
4 log_level: DEBUG
5 kind: ConfigMap
6 metadata:
7 annotations:
8 kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
9 {"apiVersion":"v1","data":{"log_level":"DEBUG"},"kind":"ConfigMap","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"log-config","namespace":"default"}}
10 creationTimestamp: "2020-06-07T16:08:11Z"
11 name: log-config
12 namespace: default
13 resourceVersion: "972893"
14 selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/log-config
15 uid: 7e78e1d7-12de-4601-9915-cefbc96ca305
稍后10秒左右，再次查看pod中的ConfigMap信息
1 [root@k8s-master storage]# kubectl exec -it myapp-deploy-58ff9c997-drhwk -- cat /etc/config/log_level
2 DEBUG
由此可见，完成了一次热更新
相关阅读
2、Kubernetes K8S之通过yaml创建pod与pod文件常用字段详解
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