linux下nginx的安装和配置

2023-01-25 12:35:03

准备目录

[root@sqh ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx

[root@sqh ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx

添加一些支持和依赖

1.安装gcc

安装redis需要先将官方下载的源码进行编译，编译依赖gcc环境，如果没有gcc环境，则需要安装。

查看gcc版本

gcc -v

如果未安装gcc，提示gcc 命令未找到，则需安装gcc。执行以下命令来完成gcc安装。

yum -y install gcc

2.pcre、pcre-devel安装
pcre（Perl Compatible Regular Expressions）是一个perl库，包括perl兼容的正则表达式库。nginx的http模块使用pcre来解析正则表达式，所以需要安装pcre库，pcre-devel是使用pcre开发的一个二次开发库。nginx也需要此库。执行以下命令进行安装：

yum install -y pcre pcre-devel

3.zlib安装
zlib库提供了很多种压缩和解压缩方式，nginx使用zlib对http包的内容进行gzip，所以需要在centos 7上安装zlib库。执行以下命令进行安装操作：

yum install -y zlib zlib-devel

4.openssl安装

yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

5.检查是否安装成功

[root@sqh ~]# rpm -qa|grep gcc

gcc-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64

libgcc-4.4.7-23.el6.i686

libgcc-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64

gcc-c++-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64

[root@sqh ~]# rpm -qa|grep openssl

openssl-1.0.1e-58.el6_10.i686

openssl-1.0.1e-58.el6_10.x86_64

openssl-devel-1.0.1e-58.el6_10.x86_64

[root@sqh ~]# rpm -qa|grep pcre

pcre-7.8-7.el6.x86_64

pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64

pcre-7.8-7.el6.i686

[root@sqh ~]# rpm -qa|grep zlib

zlib-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64

zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64

zlib-1.2.3-29.el6.i686

下载

1.Nginx，在http://nginx.org/download/上下载相应的版本下载nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

2.解压 tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

3.进入nginx-1.8.0/文件夹，设置一下配置信息./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx（安装后的文件存放路径）。

[root@sqh nginx-1.8.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

Configuration summary

  + using system PCRE library

  + OpenSSL library is not used

  + md5: using system crypto library

  + sha1: using system crypto library

  + using system zlib library

  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"

  nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"

  nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"

  nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

  nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"

  nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"

  nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"

  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"

  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"

  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"

  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"

  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

make

make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.8.0'

make -f objs/Makefile manpage

make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.8.0'

sed -e "s|%%PREFIX%%|/usr/local/nginx|" \

        -e "s|%%PID_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid|" \

        -e "s|%%CONF_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf|" \

        -e "s|%%ERROR_LOG_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log|" \

        < man/nginx.8 > objs/nginx.8

make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.8.0'

make install

make -f objs/Makefile install

make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.8.0'

test -d '/usr/local/nginx' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx'

test -d '/usr/local/nginx/sbin'         || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/sbin'

test ! -f '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx'         || mv '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx'                '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.old'

cp objs/nginx '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx'

test -d '/usr/local/nginx/conf'         || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/conf'

cp conf/koi-win '/usr/local/nginx/conf'

cp conf/koi-utf '/usr/local/nginx/conf'

cp conf/win-utf '/usr/local/nginx/conf'

test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types'         || cp conf/mime.types '/usr/local/nginx/conf'

cp conf/mime.types '/usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types.default'

test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params'         || cp conf/fastcgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf'

cp conf/fastcgi_params         '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params.default'

test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf'         || cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf'

cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf.default'

test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params'         || cp conf/uwsgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf'

cp conf/uwsgi_params         '/usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params.default'

test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/scgi_params'         || cp conf/scgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf'

cp conf/scgi_params         '/usr/local/nginx/conf/scgi_params.default'

test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf'         || cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf'

cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default'

test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs'         || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'

test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' ||         mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'

test -d '/usr/local/nginx/html'         || cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx'

test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' ||         mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'

make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.8.0'

启动

启动代码格式：nginx安装目录地址 -c nginx配置文件地址

例如：

[root@sqh sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

停止

nginx有三种停止方式：

从容停止

1.查看进程 ps -ef|grep nginx

[root@sqh sbin]# ps -ef|grep nginx

root      9862     1  0 01:04 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nobody    9863  9862  0 01:04 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process

root      9886  1612  0 01:15 pts/0    00:00:00 grep nginx

2.杀死进程

[root@sqh sbin]# kill -QUIT 9862

快速停止

1、查看进程号

[root@sqh sbin]# ps -ef|grep nginx

root 2845 1 0 09:03 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody 2851 2845 0 09:03 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 2855 2711 0 09:04 pts/1 00:00:00 grep nginx

2.杀死进程

[root@sqh sbin]# kill -TERM 9892

强制停止

[root@sqh sbin]# pkill -9 nginx

重启

1、验证nginx配置文件是否正确

方法一：进入nginx安装目录sbin下，输入命令./nginx -t

[root@sqh sbin]# ./nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

说明配置文件正确！

方法二：在启动命令-c前加-t

[root@sqh sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

2、重启Nginx服务

方法一：进入nginx可执行目录sbin下，输入命令./nginx -s reload 即可

[root@sqh sbin]# ./nginx -s reload

方法二：查找当前nginx进程号，然后输入命令：kill -HUP 进程号实现重启nginx服务

[root@sqh sbin]# ps -ef|grep nginx

[root@sqh sbin]# kill -HUP 9928

配置nginx

修改配置文件

切换目录：[root@sqh nginx]# cd conf/

修改文件：[root@sqh conf]# vi nginx.conf

主要是修改server配置节的内容，listen为nginx的端口号，默认为80，可按需修改。

ESC键，退出编辑模式，按冒号键“:”进入命令模式，输入“wq”然后回车，保存并退出；

切换到sbin目录：[root@sqh conf]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin

启动Nginx: [root@sqh conf]# ./nginx

查看是否启动：[root@sqh sbin]# lsof nginx -i

开放防火墙端口：

/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save

访问nginx，出现如下界面表示配置正常（本机ip+80端口 ps：xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx：80）

码农公寓