VS2013创建Node.js C++ Addons的过程

2023-01-25 09:01:15

首先看我的Node.js版本。

node –v

v6.11.4

然后参照这篇文章来做：

https://nodejs.org/api/addons.html#addons_hello_world

安装node-gyp

npm install -g node-gyp

创建一个文件夹，在里面创建hello.cc文件

// hello.cc

#include <node.h>

namespace demo {

using v8::FunctionCallbackInfo;

using v8::Isolate;

using v8::Local;

using v8::Object;

using v8::String;

using v8::Value;

void Method(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args){

Isolate* isolate = args.GetIsolate();

args.GetReturnValue().Set(String::NewFromUtf8(isolate,"world"));

}

void init(Local<Object> exports){

NODE_SET_METHOD(exports,"hello", Method);

}

NODE_MODULE(NODE_GYP_MODULE_NAME, init)

}// namespace demo

原文的说明如下：

Note that all Node.js Addons must export an initialization function following the pattern:

void Initialize(Local<Object> exports);

NODE_MODULE(NODE_GYP_MODULE_NAME, Initialize)

创建binding.gyp文件

"targets":[

"target_name":"addon",

"sources":["hello.cc"]

将cmd定位到当前的文件夹，然后运行命令：

node-gyp configure

结果报如下的错误：

gyp info it worked if it ends with ok

gyp info using node-gyp@3.6.2

gyp info using node@6.11.4 | win32 | x64

gyp ERR! configure error

gyp ERR! stack Error: Can't find Python executable "python", you can set the PYTHON env variable.

gyp ERR! stack at Object.failNoPython (C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\configur

e.js:483:19)

gyp ERR! stack at Object.<anonymous> (C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\configure

.js:508:16)

gyp ERR! stack at C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\node_modules\graceful-fs\polyfill

s.js:284:29

gyp ERR! stack at FSReqWrap.oncomplete (fs.js:123:15)

gyp ERR! System Windows_NT 6.1.7601

gyp ERR! command "C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe" "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\n

ode-gyp\\bin\\node-gyp.js" "configure"

gyp ERR! cwd C:\SourceCode\HenryProjects\HenryNodeTest\CppAddons\demo

gyp ERR! node -v v6.11.4

gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v3.6.2

gyp ERR! not ok

由于我的机器没有装python, 所以这里报错。

我是从这个网站下载的python:

https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/

下载后点击安装即可，默认的安装路径是AppData的目录，我觉得不太好，就自定义选择了C:\Python目录。

安装完成后将python.exe所在的路径加入到环境变量中去（我只加了用户的环境变量，没有加系统的环境变量）。

然后重新运行命令：

node-gyp configure

运行后还是报错：

gyp info it worked if it ends with ok

gyp info using node-gyp@3.6.2

gyp info using node@6.11.4 | win32 | x64

gyp ERR! configure error

gyp ERR! stack Error: Can't find Python executable "C:\Python\Python36", you can set the PYTHON env variable.

gyp ERR! stack at Object.failNoPython (C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\configur

e.js:483:19)

gyp ERR! stack at Object.<anonymous> (C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\configure

.js:508:16)

gyp ERR! stack at C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\node_modules\graceful-fs\polyfill

s.js:284:29

gyp ERR! stack at FSReqWrap.oncomplete (fs.js:123:15)

gyp ERR! System Windows_NT 6.1.7601

gyp ERR! command "C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe" "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\n

ode-gyp\\bin\\node-gyp.js" "configure"

gyp ERR! cwd C:\SourceCode\HenryProjects\HenryNodeTest\CppAddons\demo

gyp ERR! node -v v6.11.4

gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v3.6.2

gyp ERR! not ok

只是错误不同了。于是又加了系统的环境变量，还是不行。

看错误提示是在C:\Python\Python36目录下找不到Phthon的执行文件，可是明明在那里啊。

那就下载个32位的python试试吧。

装完后修改PYTHON环境变量到32位的目录下：

结果还是报同样的错误，服了！

网上搜了一下，发现需要把Python的路径加到PATH环境变量中去才可以，于是照做了一下：

同时需要将以前加的PYTHON环境变量移除（这个很重要，否则还是会报一样的错误），并且要重新启动cmd.

这次报了另一个错误：

gyp info it worked if it ends with ok

gyp info using node-gyp@3.6.2

gyp info using node@6.11.4 | win32 | x64

gyp ERR! configure error

gyp ERR! stack Error: Can't find Python executable "C:\Python\Python36\python.EXE", you can set the PYTHON env variable.

gyp ERR! stack at Object.failNoPython (C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\configur

e.js:483:19)

gyp ERR! stack at Object.<anonymous> (C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\configure

.js:508:16)

gyp ERR! stack at C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\node_modules\graceful-fs\polyfill

s.js:284:29

gyp ERR! stack at FSReqWrap.oncomplete (fs.js:123:15)

gyp ERR! System Windows_NT 6.1.7601

gyp ERR! command "C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe" "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\n

ode-gyp\\bin\\node-gyp.js" "configure"

gyp ERR! cwd C:\SourceCode\HenryProjects\HenryNodeTest\CppAddons\demo

gyp ERR! node -v v6.11.4

gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v3.6.2

gyp ERR! not ok

难道是大小写有关系？把目录下的python.exe改成大写试试？

还是一样的错误，服了！

又搜了一下，有的说要设置单独的PYTHON环境变量，然后把%PYTHON%加到PATH的末尾。试了一下，还是报如下的错误：

gyp info it worked if it ends with ok

gyp info using node-gyp@3.6.2

gyp info using node@6.11.4 | win32 | x64

gyp ERR! configure error

gyp ERR! stack Error: Can't find Python executable "C:\Python\Python36", you can set the PYTHON env variable.

gyp ERR! stack at Object.failNoPython (C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\configur

e.js:483:19)

gyp ERR! stack at Object.<anonymous> (C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\configure

.js:508:16)

gyp ERR! stack at C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\node_modules\graceful-fs\polyfill

s.js:284:29

gyp ERR! stack at FSReqWrap.oncomplete (fs.js:123:15)

gyp ERR! System Windows_NT 6.1.7601

gyp ERR! command "C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe" "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\n

ode-gyp\\bin\\node-gyp.js" "configure"

gyp ERR! cwd C:\SourceCode\HenryProjects\HenryNodeTest\CppAddons\demo

gyp ERR! node -v v6.11.4

gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v3.6.2

gyp ERR! not ok

又搜了一下，有的说是需要用管理员权限来运行命令行，检查了一下，我当前就是用管理员身份运行的命令行，所以这个对我没有帮助。

有搜到这段描述：

I first had Python version 3.6 for Windows installed on a Windows Server 2016 machine. I used the windows executable installation.

This was required in order to install the web3 package.

But no matter how I set path and environment variables, during the npm install of web3 it kept complaining it couldn't find the python executable. Typing python in the command prompt worked fine.

I suspect it has to do with version/compatibility issues between web3 and python. After uninstalling the 3.6 version of python and installing 2.7 using the npm command ArminMa suggested it all works!

I did update my environment variables (PYTHON and PATH) to the 2.7 executable.

说的是可能安装了两个版本的PYTHON, 导致了互相冲突，卸载掉一个就好了。于是试着把32位的卸载掉看看。

结果还是同样的错误。于是把64位的PYTHON卸载掉，装上32位的，同时PYTHON环境变量也改一下。

还是一样的错误。

难道必须是PYTHON2? 好吧，卸载掉PYTHON3, 装PYTHON2试试吧。

先下载64位的试试。

安装完后环境变量也改一下。

再次运行，这次多走了几步，Python的问题解决了。是另外的错误：

gyp info it worked if it ends with ok

gyp info using node-gyp@3.6.2

gyp info using node@6.11.4 | win32 | x64

gyp http GET https://nodejs.org/download/release/v6.11.4/node-v6.11.4-headers.tar.gz

gyp http 200 https://nodejs.org/download/release/v6.11.4/node-v6.11.4-headers.tar.gz

gyp http GET https://nodejs.org/download/release/v6.11.4/SHASUMS256.txt

gyp http GET https://nodejs.org/download/release/v6.11.4/win-x86/node.lib

gyp http GET https://nodejs.org/download/release/v6.11.4/win-x64/node.lib

gyp http 200 https://nodejs.org/download/release/v6.11.4/win-x64/node.lib

gyp http 200 https://nodejs.org/download/release/v6.11.4/SHASUMS256.txt

gyp http 200 https://nodejs.org/download/release/v6.11.4/win-x86/node.lib

gyp info spawn C:\Python27\python.EXE

gyp info spawn args [ 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\node-gyp\\gyp\\gyp_main.py',

gyp info spawn args 'binding.gyp',

gyp info spawn args '-f',

gyp info spawn args 'msvs',

gyp info spawn args '-G',

gyp info spawn args 'msvs_version=2015',

gyp info spawn args '-I',

gyp info spawn args 'C:\\SourceCode\\HenryProjects\\HenryNodeTest\\CppAddons\\demo\\build\\config.gypi',

gyp info spawn args '-I',

gyp info spawn args 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\node-gyp\\addon.gypi',

gyp info spawn args '-I',

gyp info spawn args 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\.node-gyp\\6.11.4\\include\\node\\common.gypi',

gyp info spawn args '-Dlibrary=shared_library',

gyp info spawn args '-Dvisibility=default',

gyp info spawn args '-Dnode_root_dir=C:\\Users\\Administrator\\.node-gyp\\6.11.4',

gyp info spawn args '-Dnode_gyp_dir=C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\node-gyp',

gyp info spawn args '-Dnode_lib_file=C:\\Users\\Administrator\\.node-gyp\\6.11.4\\<(target_arch)\\node.lib',

gyp info spawn args '-Dmodule_root_dir=C:\\SourceCode\\HenryProjects\\HenryNodeTest\\CppAddons\\demo',

gyp info spawn args '-Dnode_engine=v8',

gyp info spawn args '--depth=.',

gyp info spawn args '--no-parallel',

gyp info spawn args '--generator-output',

gyp info spawn args 'C:\\SourceCode\\HenryProjects\\HenryNodeTest\\CppAddons\\demo\\build',

gyp info spawn args '-Goutput_dir=.' ]

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\gyp\gyp_main.py", line 16, in <module>

sys.exit(gyp.script_main())

File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\gyp\pylib\gyp\__init__.py", line 545, in script

_main

return main(sys.argv[1:])

File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\gyp\pylib\gyp\__init__.py", line 538, in main

return gyp_main(args)

File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\gyp\pylib\gyp\__init__.py", line 514, in gyp_ma

options.duplicate_basename_check)

File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\gyp\pylib\gyp\__init__.py", line 130, in Load

params['parallel'], params['root_targets'])

File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\gyp\pylib\gyp\input.py", line 2778, in Load

variables, includes, depth, check, True)

File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\gyp\pylib\gyp\input.py", line 394, in LoadTarge

tBuildFile

includes, True, check)

File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\gyp\pylib\gyp\input.py", line 246, in LoadOneBu

ildFile

None)

File "binding.gyp", line 4

target_name addon,

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

gyp ERR! configure error

gyp ERR! stack Error: `gyp` failed with exit code: 1

gyp ERR! stack at ChildProcess.onCpExit (C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\config

ure.js:336:16)

gyp ERR! stack at emitTwo (events.js:106:13)

gyp ERR! stack at ChildProcess.emit (events.js:191:7)

gyp ERR! stack at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (internal/child_process.js:219:12)

gyp ERR! System Windows_NT 6.1.7601

gyp ERR! command "C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe" "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\n

ode-gyp\\bin\\node-gyp.js" "configure"

gyp ERR! cwd C:\SourceCode\HenryProjects\HenryNodeTest\CppAddons\demo

gyp ERR! node -v v6.11.4

gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v3.6.2

gyp ERR! not ok

错误说的是binding.gyp的语法不对。

仔细看了一下，这个文件缺失有问题，怎么标点符号都没有了！

于是重新从官网的例子里面拷贝一份内容。

再次运行，这次成功了！真不容易啊。

查看物理路径，发现生成了一个build文件夹。

打开文件夹，里面是个c++的解决方案。

用VS2013打开这个解决方案。是这样的一个结构：

编译一下，报这个错误：

查了一下，build tool v141是VS2015. 这个麻烦了，我只有VS2013.

查了一下，解决方法是改一下项目的配置。

在上面的选择框中选择Visual Studio 2013(v120)，也就是第一个。

然后再次编译，成功了！

打开bin/Debug目录，addon.node赫然在目。
现在来测试这个c++ addon.

创建一个testdemoaddon.js文件。里面按照官方的例子写如下的代码：

// hello.js

const addon = require('./build/Release/addon');

console.log(addon.hello());

// Prints: 'world'

这里的引用路径需要改成你自己机器上的相对路径。比如Release可能需要改成Debug.

然后命令行定位到测试文件所在的路径。然后运行：

node testdemoaddon.js

结果如下：

至此为止，用VS2013创建的第一个Node.js的Addon成功运行。

如果想继续写更复杂的Addon, 就需要继续按照这个文章来学习了：

https://nodejs.org/api/addons.html#addons_hello_world

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