TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning 运行比可用线程数更多的任务

最近在学WebSocket,服务端需要监听多个WebSocket客户端发送的消息。

开始的解决方法是每个WebSocket客户端都添加一个线程进行监听,代码如下:

/// <summary>
/// 监听端口 创建WebSocket
/// </summary>
/// <param name="httpListener"></param>
private void CreateWebSocket(HttpListener httpListener)
{
if (!httpListener.IsListening)
throw new Exception("HttpListener未启动");
HttpListenerContext listenerContext = httpListener.GetContextAsync().Result; if (!listenerContext.Request.IsWebSocketRequest)
{
CreateWebSocket(httpListener);
return;
} WebSocketContext webSocket = null;
try
{
webSocket = new WebSocketContext(listenerContext, SubProtocol);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
log.Error(ex);
CreateWebSocket(HttpListener);
return;
} log.Info($"成功创建WebSocket:{webSocket.ID}"); int workerThreads = , completionPortThreads = ;
ThreadPool.GetAvailableThreads(out workerThreads, out completionPortThreads);
if (workerThreads <= ReservedThreadsCount + || completionPortThreads <= ReservedThreadsCount + )
{
/**
* 可用线程小于预留线程数量
* 通知客户端关闭连接
* */
webSocket.CloseAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.InternalServerError, "可用线程不足,无法连接").Wait();
}
else
{
if (OnReceiveMessage != null)
webSocket.OnReceiveMessage += OnReceiveMessage;
webSocket.OnCloseWebSocket += WebSocket_OnCloseWebSocket;
webSocketContexts.Add(webSocket); // 在线程中监听客户端发送的消息
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(p =>
{
(p as WebSocketContext).ReceiveMessageAsync().Wait();
}), webSocket); } CreateWebSocket(HttpListener);
}

在线程中添加监听代码

但是可用线程数量是有限的,先连接的客户端一直递归接收消息,导致线程无限占用,后连接上的客户端就没有线程用于监听接受消息了。
接受消息方法如下:

/// <summary>
/// 递归 同步接收消息
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public void ReceiveMessage()
{
WebSocket webSocket = HttpListenerWebSocketContext.WebSocket; if (webSocket.State != WebSocketState.Open)
throw new Exception("Http未握手成功,不能接受消息!"); var byteBuffer = WebSocket.CreateServerBuffer(ReceiveBufferSize);
WebSocketReceiveResult receiveResult = null;
try
{
receiveResult = webSocket.ReceiveAsync(byteBuffer, cancellationToken).Result;
}
catch (WebSocketException ex)
{
if (ex.InnerException is HttpListenerException)
{
log.Error(ex);
CloseAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.ProtocolError, "客户端断开连接" + ex.Message).Wait(TimeSpan.FromSeconds());
return;
}
else
{
log.Error(ex);
CloseAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.ProtocolError, "WebSocket 连接异常" + ex.Message).Wait(TimeSpan.FromSeconds());
return;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
log.Error(ex);
CloseAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.ProtocolError, "客户端断开连接" + ex.Message).Wait(TimeSpan.FromSeconds());
return;
}
if (receiveResult.CloseStatus.HasValue)
{
log.Info("接受到关闭消息!");
CloseAsync(receiveResult.CloseStatus.Value, receiveResult.CloseStatusDescription).Wait(TimeSpan.FromSeconds());
return;
} byte[] bytes = new byte[receiveResult.Count];
Array.Copy(byteBuffer.Array, bytes, bytes.Length); string message = Encoding.GetString(bytes);
log.Info($"{ID}接收到消息:{message}"); if (OnReceiveMessage != null)
OnReceiveMessage.Invoke(this, message); if (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
ReceiveMessage();
}

接受消息方法

这是不能接受的。

后来在Task中看到,在创建Task时可以设置TaskCreationOptions参数

该枚举有个字段LongRunning

LongRunning 2

指定任务将是长时间运行的、粗粒度的操作,涉及比细化的系统更少、更大的组件。 它会向 TaskScheduler 提示,过度订阅可能是合理的。 可以通过过度订阅创建比可用硬件线程数更多的线程。 它还将提示任务计划程序:该任务需要附加线程,以使任务不阻塞本地线程池队列中其他线程或工作项的向前推动。

经过测试,可同时运行的任务数量的确可以超出可用线程数量。
测试如下:
没有设置 TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning  代码如下:

        /// <summary>
/// 测试任务
/// 只运行了9个任务
/// </summary>
[TestMethod]
public void TestTask1()
{
var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
int MaxWorkerThreads = , MaxCompletionPortThreads = ;
ThreadPool.GetMaxThreads(out MaxWorkerThreads, out MaxCompletionPortThreads);
Console.WriteLine($"最大可用辅助线程数目为{MaxCompletionPortThreads},最大可用异步 I/O 线程数目为{MaxCompletionPortThreads}");
MaxWorkerThreads = ;
MaxCompletionPortThreads = ;
Console.WriteLine(@"设置线程池中辅助线程的最大数目为{0}, 线程池中异步 I/O 线程的最大数目为{1}
同时运行30个长时运行线程,每个线程中运行一个同步方法,看是否30个线程是否都能运行。", MaxWorkerThreads, MaxCompletionPortThreads);
ThreadPool.SetMaxThreads(, );
ThreadPool.GetMaxThreads(out MaxWorkerThreads, out MaxCompletionPortThreads);
Console.WriteLine($"最大可用辅助线程数目为{MaxCompletionPortThreads},最大可用异步 I/O 线程数目为{MaxCompletionPortThreads}"); int count = ;
while (count++ < )
{
Task.Factory.StartNew(p =>
{
int index = (int)p;
int runCount = ;
LongRunningTask($"线程{index}", runCount, cts.Token);
}, count, cts.Token, TaskCreationOptions.None, TaskScheduler.Default);
} Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds()).Wait(TimeSpan.FromSeconds()); // 等待超时,等待任务没有执行
cts.Cancel();
} /// <summary>
/// 长时运行任务
/// 递归运行
/// </summary>
/// <param name="taskName">任务名称</param>
/// <param name="runCount">运行次数</param>
/// <param name="token">传播有关取消操作的通知</param>
private void LongRunningTask(string taskName, int runCount, CancellationToken token)
{
PrintTask($"任务【{taskName}】线程ID【{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId}】第【{++runCount}】次运行").Wait();
if (!token.IsCancellationRequested)
LongRunningTask(taskName, runCount, token);
}
/// <summary>
/// 异步打印任务 等待1秒后打印消息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="message">消息</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private Task PrintTask(string message)
{
return Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
Thread.Sleep();
Console.WriteLine(message);
});
}

测试代码

测试结果
TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning 运行比可用线程数更多的任务

测试用了20秒才完成
TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning 运行比可用线程数更多的任务

主线程创建了一个等待10秒后完成的任务,任务等待超时20秒

说明主程序创建的任务没有执行,而是等待超时了。

设置了 TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning  代码如下:

        /// <summary>
/// 测试长时运行任务
/// 30个任务全部都运行了
/// </summary>
[TestMethod]
public void TestTaskLongRunning()
{
var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
int MaxWorkerThreads = , MaxCompletionPortThreads = ;
ThreadPool.GetMaxThreads(out MaxWorkerThreads, out MaxCompletionPortThreads);
MaxWorkerThreads = ;
MaxCompletionPortThreads = ;
Console.WriteLine($"最大可用辅助线程数目为{MaxCompletionPortThreads},最大可用异步 I/O 线程数目为{MaxCompletionPortThreads}");
Console.WriteLine(@"设置线程池中辅助线程的最大数目为{0}, 线程池中异步 I/O 线程的最大数目为{1}
同时运行30个长时运行线程,每个线程中运行一个同步方法,看是否30个线程是否都能运行。", MaxWorkerThreads, MaxCompletionPortThreads);
ThreadPool.SetMaxThreads(, );
ThreadPool.GetMaxThreads(out MaxWorkerThreads, out MaxCompletionPortThreads);
Console.WriteLine($"最大可用辅助线程数目为{MaxCompletionPortThreads},最大可用异步 I/O 线程数目为{MaxCompletionPortThreads}"); int count = ;
while (count++ < )
{ Task.Factory.StartNew(p =>
{
int index = (int)p;
int runCount = ;
LongRunningTask($"线程{index}", runCount, cts.Token);
}, count, cts.Token, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning, TaskScheduler.Default);
} Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds()).Wait(TimeSpan.FromSeconds()); // 等待没有超时,等待任务有执行
cts.Cancel();
}

测试代码

测试结果:

TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning 运行比可用线程数更多的任务

测试用了10秒完成

TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning 运行比可用线程数更多的任务

主线程创建了一个等待10秒后完成的任务,任务等待超时20秒

说明主程序创建的任务立即执行了,程序等待了10秒完成。

使用TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning  需要注意的是Action必须是同步方法同时运行任务书才能超出可以用线程数量,否则不能。

例如:

        /// <summary>
/// 测试长时运行任务
/// 只运行了前9个任务
/// </summary>
[TestMethod]
public void TestTaskLongRunning2()
{
var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
int MaxWorkerThreads = , MaxCompletionPortThreads = ;
ThreadPool.GetMaxThreads(out MaxWorkerThreads, out MaxCompletionPortThreads);
Console.WriteLine($"最大可用辅助线程数目为{MaxCompletionPortThreads},最大可用异步 I/O 线程数目为{MaxCompletionPortThreads}"); MaxWorkerThreads = ;
MaxCompletionPortThreads = ;
Console.WriteLine(@"设置线程池中辅助线程的最大数目为{0}, 线程池中异步 I/O 线程的最大数目为{1}
同时运行30个长时运行线程,每个线程中运行一个异步方法,看是否30个线程是否都能运行。", MaxWorkerThreads, MaxCompletionPortThreads);
ThreadPool.SetMaxThreads(, );
ThreadPool.GetMaxThreads(out MaxWorkerThreads, out MaxCompletionPortThreads);
Console.WriteLine($"最大可用辅助线程数目为{MaxCompletionPortThreads},最大可用异步 I/O 线程数目为{MaxCompletionPortThreads}"); int count = ;
while (count++ < )
{ Task.Factory.StartNew(async p =>
{
int index = (int)p;
int runCount = ;
await LongRunningTaskAsync($"线程{index}", runCount, cts.Token);
}, count, cts.Token, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning, TaskScheduler.Default);
} Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds()).Wait(TimeSpan.FromSeconds()); // 等待没有超时,等待任务有执行
cts.Cancel();
}
/// <summary>
/// 异步长时运行任务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="taskName">任务名称</param>
/// <param name="runCount">运行次数</param>
/// <param name="token">传播有关取消操作的通知</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private async Task LongRunningTaskAsync(string taskName, int runCount, CancellationToken token)
{
await PrintTask($"任务【{taskName}】线程ID【{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId}】第【{++runCount}】次运行");
if (!token.IsCancellationRequested)
await LongRunningTaskAsync(taskName, runCount, token);
}

测试代码

测试结果

TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning 运行比可用线程数更多的任务

测试用了10秒完成

TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning 运行比可用线程数更多的任务

主线程创建了一个等待10秒后完成的任务,任务等待超时20秒

说明主程序创建的任务立即执行了,程序等待了10秒完成。

WebSocket修改后的监听方法:

        /// <summary>
/// 监听端口 创建WebSocket
/// </summary>
/// <param name="httpListener"></param>
private void CreateWebSocket(HttpListener httpListener)
{
if (!httpListener.IsListening)
throw new Exception("HttpListener未启动");
HttpListenerContext listenerContext = httpListener.GetContext(); if (!listenerContext.Request.IsWebSocketRequest)
{
CreateWebSocket(httpListener);
return;
} WebSocketContext webSocket = null;
try
{
webSocket = new WebSocketContext(listenerContext, SubProtocol);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
log.Error(ex);
CreateWebSocket(HttpListener);
return;
} log.Info($"成功创建WebSocket:{webSocket.ID}"); int workerThreads = , completionPortThreads = ;
ThreadPool.GetAvailableThreads(out workerThreads, out completionPortThreads);
if (OnReceiveMessage != null)
webSocket.OnReceiveMessage += OnReceiveMessage;
webSocket.OnCloseWebSocket += WebSocket_OnCloseWebSocket; Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
webSocket.ReceiveMessage();
}, cancellationToken, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning, TaskScheduler.Default); CreateWebSocket(HttpListener);
}

修改后的WebSocket服务可以监听超过可用线程数量的客户端

TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning 运行比可用线程数更多的任务

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