一、docker架构
无论是C端还是S端都由docker一个程序提供，这个程序有很多子程序，其中有一个子程序的子命令叫daemon，表示运行为守护进程，因此我们运行docker daemon就表示把这台主机变为守护进程服务器，它可以监听在所谓的套接字之上，为了安全起见默认只提供本机的unix socket 文件套接字，
1、client端
2、server端，docker daemo守护进程，监听在套接字之上。docker支持三种类型套接字。
a、ip v4套接字：即IPv4 + 端口套接字
b、ip v6套接字 ：即IPv6 + 端口套接字
c、unix socket file :监听在本地的文件上，此种方式只允许客户端为本地。
3、docker 版本
docker ee :docker 企业版
docker ce :docker 社区版
二、docker 镜像仓库
1、作用
a、提供镜像存储的仓库
b、提供用户获取镜像时的认证
c、提供当前服务器上所有可用镜像的索引
2、一个镜像仓库一般只用做一种应用
三、Docker 安装和使用
1、不建议centos yum源里面的docker源
2、docker 稳定版清华源
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/repodata/
3、安装步骤
a、首先下载清华源docker repo文件：
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
---- ::-- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Resolving mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)... 101.6.8.193, :f000:::::
Connecting to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)|101.6.8.193|:... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... OK
Length: (.4K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘docker-ce.repo’ %[==================================================================================================================================>] , --.-K/s in 0s -- :: ( MB/s) - ‘docker-ce.repo’ saved [/]
b、修改文件中链接为清华源仓库
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's@https://download.docker.com@https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce@g' docker-ce.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# more docker-ce.repo
[docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/stable
enabled=
gpgcheck=
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg [docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/stable
enabled=
gpgcheck=
gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
...
c、yum install -y docker-ce即可完成安装
d、制作镜像加速
增加docker配置文件并且配置加速链接。（列表中配置了cn加速连接，还可以配置阿里云加速等连接）
[root@localhost docker]# cat >> /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
> {
> "registry-mirrors": ["https://guxaj7v7.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
> }
> EOF
e、启动docker 即可
[root@localhost log]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost log]# docker version
Client:
Version: 18.09.
API version: 1.39
Go version: go1.10.8
Git commit: 774a1f4
Built: Thu Feb ::
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 18.09.
API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.10.8
Git commit: 774a1f4
Built: Thu Feb ::
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
f、要查看更详细的环境信息使用docker info即可
[root@localhost log]# docker info
Containers:
Running:
Paused:
Stopped:
Images:
Server Version: 18.09.
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: e6b3f5632f50dbc4e9cb6288d911bf4f5e95b18e
runc version: 6635b4f0c6af3810594d2770f662f34ddc15b40d
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.-.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs:
Total Memory: .781GiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: Z7YJ:IMB4:5GCY:LZRC:33ER:7Y4A:VYN5:RZUK:VGRG:JULJ:Y5CM:HOLP
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/
Registry Mirrors:
https://registry.docker-cn.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled
四、docker 常用操作
1、查找镜像：docker search，搜索docker 镜像 （没有 / 的为*仓库一般为docker官方的，有 / 的为用户仓库）
[root@localhost log]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… [OK]
jrcs/letsencrypt-nginx-proxy-companion LetsEncrypt container to use with nginx as p… [OK]
webdevops/php-nginx Nginx with PHP-FPM [OK]
kitematic/hello-world-nginx A light-weight nginx container that demonstr…
zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql Zabbix frontend based on Nginx web-server wi… [OK]
bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image [OK]
linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…
1and1internet/ubuntu--nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql- ubuntu--nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql- [OK]
tobi312/rpi-nginx NGINX on Raspberry Pi / armhf [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes
nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… [OK]
wodby/drupal-nginx Nginx for Drupal container image [OK]
blacklabelops/nginx Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server. [OK]
schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… [OK]
centos/nginx--centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n…
centos/nginx--centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building …
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles
1science/nginx Nginx Docker images that include Consul Temp… [OK]
mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend [OK]
travix/nginx NGinx reverse proxy [OK]
toccoag/openshift-nginx Nginx reverse proxy for Nice running on same… [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX [OK]
wodby/nginx
2、查看镜像docker images，docker镜像有最基础的alpine版本。并且busybox是一个很有意思的程序，它被链接成什么命令就可以被当做什么命令使用。
3、显示完整的镜像信息 docker images --no-trunc
[root@localhost log]# docker images --no-trunc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox latest sha256:d8233ab899d419c58cf3634c0df54ff5d8acc28f8173f09c21df4a07229e1205 weeks ago .2MB
nginx 1.14-alpine sha256:66952fd0a8efa0598626fad89d3a0827bc24fc92c3adb576adbc9fd58606e1af weeks ago 16MB
centos sha256:721823ac0277f52bcfd4933832d47ef0d5612191e92aef558291d5b3c15ceb35 months ago 284MB