一、代码实例
如之前介绍的，spring中ioc是它最为核心的模块，前边花了大量时间分析spring的bean工厂和他如何生成bean，可是在我们实际应用中，很少直接使用beanFactory，因为spring提供了更好用的ApplicationContext接口，使用方法和bean工厂基本一致
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
Person person=(Person)context.getBean("person");
person.sayHello();
那么我们来看下源代码中，我们ClassPathXmlApplicationContext为目标，分析它做了哪些工作。
二、源码分析
1、进入ClassPathXmlApplicationContext，我们可以看到他提供了各种重构方法，其中配置文件路径可以支持：字符串，可变字符串，数组
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String configLocation) throws BeansException {
this(new String[] {configLocation}, true, null);
}
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String... configLocations) throws BeansException {
this(configLocations, true, null);
}
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations, ApplicationContext parent) throws BeansException {
this(configLocations, true, parent);
}
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations, boolean refresh) throws BeansException {
this(configLocations, refresh, null);
}
2、进入refresh方法，首先竹本refresh环境，
protected void prepareRefresh() {
this.startupDate = System.currentTimeMillis();
this.closed.set(false);
this.active.set(true);
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Refreshing " + this);
}
// Initialize any placeholder property sources in the context environment
initPropertySources();
// Validate that all properties marked as required are resolvable
// see ConfigurablePropertyResolver#setRequiredProperties
getEnvironment().validateRequiredProperties();
// Allow for the collection of early ApplicationEvents,
// to be published once the multicaster is available...
this.earlyApplicationEvents = new LinkedHashSet<ApplicationEvent>();
}
3、调用ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory()
protected ConfigurableListableBeanFactory obtainFreshBeanFactory() {
refreshBeanFactory();
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Bean factory for " + getDisplayName() + ": " + beanFactory);
}
return beanFactory;
}
4、调用refreshBeanFactory方法，可以看到里边的几个步骤
a)生产beanfactory,如果有父类，继承父类
b)设置序列化id
c)customizeBeanFactory,暂时不知道用处
d)loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory)最终调用了loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader)方法
可见在此步骤已经完成了对xml文件的读取，并解析为最终的beanDefinition
protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {
if (hasBeanFactory()) {
destroyBeans();
closeBeanFactory();
}
try {
DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();
beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());
customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);
loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);
synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex);
}
}
5、prepareBeanFactory设置各种BeanFactory的参数
6、invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors调用BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor和BeanFactoryPostProcessor的方法
7、查找是否有initMessageSource为id的bean，如果没有，创建默认的
8、查找是否有id为applicationEventMulticaster的bean，如果没有，创建默认，设置为congtext的applicationEventMulticaster
protected void initApplicationEventMulticaster() {
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
//查找是否包含名为applicationEventMulticaster的bean，如果没有，创建默认的
if (beanFactory.containsLocalBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME)) {
this.applicationEventMulticaster =
beanFactory.getBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, ApplicationEventMulticaster.class);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Using ApplicationEventMulticaster [" + this.applicationEventMulticaster + "]");
}
}
else {
this.applicationEventMulticaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster(beanFactory);
beanFactory.registerSingleton(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, this.applicationEventMulticaster);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Unable to locate ApplicationEventMulticaster with name '" +
APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME +
"': using default [" + this.applicationEventMulticaster + "]");
}
}
}
9、查找注册的ApplicationListener，设置到applicationEventMulticaster中
protected void registerListeners() {
// Register statically specified listeners first.
//查找手动设置的ApplicationListener，设置到applicationEventMulticaster中
for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners()) {
getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListener(listener);
}
// Do not initialize FactoryBeans here: We need to leave all regular beans
// uninitialized to let post-processors apply to them!
//根据beanType查询ApplicationListener，设置到applicationEventMulticaster中
String[] listenerBeanNames = getBeanNamesForType(ApplicationListener.class, true, false);
for (String listenerBeanName : listenerBeanNames) {
getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListenerBean(listenerBeanName);
}
// Publish early application events now that we finally have a multicaster...
Set<ApplicationEvent> earlyEventsToProcess = this.earlyApplicationEvents;
//查询是否有需要立即通知的事件，进行通知
this.earlyApplicationEvents = null;
if (earlyEventsToProcess != null) {
for (ApplicationEvent earlyEvent : earlyEventsToProcess) {
getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(earlyEvent);
}
}
}
10、查找是否有id为conversionService的bean，如果有，设置进beanFactory
//查找是否有id为conversionService的bean，如果有，设置进beanFactory
if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) &&
beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) {
beanFactory.setConversionService(
beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class));
}
11、查找是否有embeddedValueResolvers，值的解析器，没有默认注入string解析
//查找是否有embeddedValueResolvers，值的解析器，没有默认注入string解析
if (!beanFactory.hasEmbeddedValueResolver()) {
beanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver(new StringValueResolver() {
@Override
public String resolveStringValue(String strVal) {
return getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(strVal);
}
});
}
12、查找类型为LoadTimeWeaverAware的解析，有的话进行获取，并没有进一步使用，应该只是起到初始化作用
//查找类型为LoadTimeWeaverAware的解析，有的话进行获取，并没有进一步使用，应该只是起到初始化作用
String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false);
for (String weaverAwareName : weaverAwareNames) {
getBean(weaverAwareName);
}
13、进入preInstantiateSingletons方法，初始化所有的bean
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) {
//判断是否工厂bean
if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {
final FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);
boolean isEagerInit;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {
isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Boolean>() {
@Override
public Boolean run() {
return ((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit();
}
}, getAccessControlContext());
}
else {
isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean &&
((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit());
}
if (isEagerInit) {
getBean(beanName);
}
}
else {
//进行实例化
getBean(beanName);
}
}
}
14、已经初始化的bean，并且继承了SmartInitializingSingleton接口，执行它的afterSingletonsInstantiated方法
//已经初始化的bean，并且继承了SmartInitializingSingleton接口，执行它的afterSingletonsInstantiated方法
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
Object singletonInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
if (singletonInstance instanceof SmartInitializingSingleton) {
final SmartInitializingSingleton smartSingleton = (SmartInitializingSingleton) singletonInstance;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
@Override
public Object run() {
smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
return null;
}
}, getAccessControlContext());
}
else {
smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
}
}
}
15、调用finishRefresh，完成bean的刷新，第一步initLifecycleProcessor初始化bean的生命后周期bean
protected void initLifecycleProcessor() {
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
//获取id为lifecycleProcessor的bean，如果没有，创建默认的
if (beanFactory.containsLocalBean(LIFECYCLE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
this.lifecycleProcessor =
beanFactory.getBean(LIFECYCLE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME, LifecycleProcessor.class);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Using LifecycleProcessor [" + this.lifecycleProcessor + "]");
}
}
else {
DefaultLifecycleProcessor defaultProcessor = new DefaultLifecycleProcessor();
defaultProcessor.setBeanFactory(beanFactory);
this.lifecycleProcessor = defaultProcessor;
beanFactory.registerSingleton(LIFECYCLE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME, this.lifecycleProcessor);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Unable to locate LifecycleProcessor with name '" +
LIFECYCLE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME +
"': using default [" + this.lifecycleProcessor + "]");
}
}
}
16、getLifecycleProcessor().onRefresh()方法，启动特定bean
private void startBeans(boolean autoStartupOnly) {
Map<String, Lifecycle> lifecycleBeans = getLifecycleBeans();
//获取所有继承了Lifecycle的SmartLifecycle，并且自动启动且phase不为空，那么执行start方法
Map<Integer, LifecycleGroup> phases = new HashMap<Integer, LifecycleGroup>();
for (Map.Entry<String, ? extends Lifecycle> entry : lifecycleBeans.entrySet()) {
Lifecycle bean = entry.getValue();
if (!autoStartupOnly || (bean instanceof SmartLifecycle && ((SmartLifecycle) bean).isAutoStartup())) {
int phase = getPhase(bean);
LifecycleGroup group = phases.get(phase);
if (group == null) {
group = new LifecycleGroup(phase, this.timeoutPerShutdownPhase, lifecycleBeans, autoStartupOnly);
phases.put(phase, group);
}
group.add(entry.getKey(), bean);
}
}
if (phases.size() > 0) {
List<Integer> keys = new ArrayList<Integer>(phases.keySet());
Collections.sort(keys);
for (Integer key : keys) {
phases.get(key).start();
}
}
}
17、广播容器刷新事件publishEvent(new ContextRefreshedEvent(this))
protected void publishEvent(Object event, ResolvableType eventType) {
Assert.notNull(event, "Event must not be null");
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Publishing event in " + getDisplayName() + ": " + event);
}
// Decorate event as an ApplicationEvent if necessary
ApplicationEvent applicationEvent;
if (event instanceof ApplicationEvent) {
applicationEvent = (ApplicationEvent) event;
}
else {
applicationEvent = new PayloadApplicationEvent<Object>(this, event);
if (eventType == null) {
eventType = ((PayloadApplicationEvent)applicationEvent).getResolvableType();
}
}
// Multicast right now if possible - or lazily once the multicaster is initialized
if (this.earlyApplicationEvents != null) {
//如果有预制行添加到预制行，预制行在执行一次后被置为null，以后都是直接执行
this.earlyApplicationEvents.add(applicationEvent);
}
else {
//广播event时间
getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(applicationEvent, eventType);
}
// Publish event via parent context as well...
//父bean同样广播
if (this.parent != null) {
if (this.parent instanceof AbstractApplicationContext) {
((AbstractApplicationContext) this.parent).publishEvent(event, eventType);
}
else {
this.parent.publishEvent(event);
}
}
}
18、到此，我们完成了整个初始化过程，获取bean时候，流程基本不变
三、总结
我们可以看到，与beanfactory相比，context有以下特点：
1、在基本的解析文件生成beanDefinition过程其实两者是一致的,都是解析了xml的配置后生成了配置文件放到了beanDefinitionMap中
2、在beanFactory中的，bean是在第一次getBean的时候进行生成，所以配置lazy-init延迟加载并不会起作用，因为全部bean都是延迟加载的。在context中，会在解析完成后的preInstantiateSingletons方法中调用getBean初始化所有的非lazy-init且单例模式的bean
3、在context中内置了许多的bean，他们要求开发者必须按照系统约定的命名规则进行命名，这样可以在系统内部组成特定的功能，如果开发者没有定义这些bean，系统也会默认生成一个bean，这些bean主要有：messageSource、applicationEventMulticaster、conversionService、embeddedValueResolvers、lifecycleProcessor，也有一些指定了接口实现的bean如：LoadTimeWeaverAware、SmartInitializingSingleton。这些类完善了bean的整个流程，使得ioc容器可以读取配置文件，管理通知，bean生命周期等