<el-upload          
     accept=".doc,.pdf"
      ref="upload"
      :show-file-list="true"
      :headers='uploadHeaders'
      :action="uploadUrl"          
      :on-success="onSuccess"         
      :fileList="flieList">
          <el-button type="primary">点击上传</el-button>
    </el-upload>
　　　

在el-upload 的绑定的on-success方法写，方法在vue的methods里面

onSuccess（res,file,fileList）{
    if(res.success){//根据自己项目的上传文件返回值判断
       this.fileList=fileList
   }else{
       file.status='error'
       file.name=`${file.name}（上传失败）`
       this.fileList=fileList
   }
}

然后重写上传状态是error的字体颜色
　　

/deep/ li.el-upload-list__item.is-error{
    .el-upload-list__item-name{
       color:red !important;
    }
}