CentOS7.4 部署 Django + Python3 + Apache + Mod_wsgi

2023-01-17 09:16:21

安装环境

Remote: CentOS 7.4 x64 (django.example.com)

Python: Python3.6.5

Apache: Apache 2.4.6

Mod_wsgi: 4.6.4

Django: Django 2.0.4

一. 系统环境配置

1.关闭 iptables 和 selinux

# su - root

# service iptables stop

# setenforce 0

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

修改

SELINUX=disabled

2.添加本地 host DNS

# vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1    django.example.com

二. Python 配置

1.安装 python3.6.5 源及依赖包

# yum install epel-release -y

# yum groupinstall "Development tools" -y

# yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel zx-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel -y

2.编译安装 python3.6.5 以及 pip package manager

# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tar.xz --no-check-certificate

# tar xf Python-3.6.5.tar.xz

# cd Python-3.6.5

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-ensurepip=install --enable-shared LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath /usr/local/lib"

# make && make altinstall

3.安装 virtualenv

# pip3.6 install --upgrade pip

# pip3.6 install virtualenv

三. Django 环境配置

1. 配置 Django virtualenv

# mkdir -p /var/www/html/django

# cd /var/www/html/django

# virtualenv -p /usr/local/bin/python3.6 .py3env

2. 开启 virtualenv python3 环境

# source .py3env/bin/activate

3. 在此环境安装 Django 相关模块

# pip install django pymysql

四. Apache 配置

1. 安装 apache package

# yum install httpd httpd-devel -y

2.安装 mod_wsgi for python3

Tip:这里其实是一个远古巨坑, 网上 90% 以上资料的会粗心的直接使用 yum install mod_wsgi 去安装 apache mod_wsgi 模块, 这样做其实最终 mod 模块会调用本地默认的 python2 的所有库文件, 无论你后面如何配置 django 入口文件, apache 都不会使用我们配置的 virutalenv 下隔离的 python3, 导致 apache 无法调用 python3 而报错. 这里小伙伴要注意哦.

# pip install mod_wsgi

3.导出 apache 所需的 mod_wsgi 模块

# mod_wsgi-express install-module

LoadModule wsgi_module "/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_wsgi-py36.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so"

WSGIPythonHome "/var/www/html/.py3env"

4.配置 apache 配置文件

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

末行添加:

LoadModule wsgi_module "/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_wsgi-py36.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so"

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/django.conf

Alias /static /var/www/html/django/static
<Directory /var/www/html/django/static>
Require all granted
</Directory>

<Directory /var/www/html/django/myproject>
 <Files wsgi.py>
   Require all granted
 </Files>
</Directory>

WSGIPythonHome "/var/www/html/django/.py3env"

Listen 8080
<VirtualHost *:8080>

ServerName django.example.com

WSGIDaemonProcess myproject python-path=/var/www/html/django/.py3env/lib/python3.6/site-pachages
WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/html/django/myproject/wsgi.py

</VirtualHost>

5.重启 apache 并设置开机自启动

# systemctl restart httpd

# systemctl enable httpd

五. Django 项目配置

1. 保证 virtualenv python3 环境开启

# source /var/www/html/django/.py3env/bin/activate

2.创建一个 Django 项目

# cd /var/www/html/django/

# django-admin startproject myproject .

3.添加 static 目录

# vi myproject/settings.py

末行添加:

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")

4.创建本地 SQLlite 文件

Tip:这里使用 SQLlite 代替其他数据库作为我们项目的 DB

# ./manage.py makemigrations

# ./manage.py migrate

Operations to perform:
 Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
 Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
 Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
 Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
 Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
 Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
 Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
 Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
 Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
 Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
 Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
 Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
 Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
 Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
 Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

5.创建项目管理员账户

# ./manage.py createsuperuser

Username (leave blank to use 'root'): root
Email address: admin@admin.com
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.

6.生成项目静态文件目录

# ./manage.py collectstatic

7.修改 wsgi 入口文件

# vi myproject/wsgi.py

import os
import sys
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myproject.settings")
sys.path.append('/var/www/html/django')

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

application = get_wsgi_application()

8.添加ALLOWED_HOSTS

# vi myproject/settings.py

Update:

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['django.example.com']

9.修改项目属主和权限

# chmod -R 755 /var/www/html

# chown -R apache:apache /var/www/html

查看最终目录下的生成的项目文件

# ls -l

-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache 38912 Apr 16 15:04 db.sqlite3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache   541 Apr 16 14:50 manage.py
drwxr-xr-x 3 apache apache  4096 Apr 16 15:21 myproject
drwxr-xr-x 3 apache apache  4096 Apr 16 15:05 static

最终浏览器访问 django 项目

Tip:保证 windows 本地添加 django 服务器的 HOST 域名

django 测试页面

项目主页, 输入之前创建的管理员账号密码

项目后台

Finished...

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