Codelabs 之 时钟FA卡片开发样例 实践

## 搭建环境 安装DevEco Studio,详情请参考[DevEco Studio下载](https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/develop/deveco-studio)。 设置DevEco Studio开发环境,DevEco Studio开发环境需要依赖于网络环境,需要连接上网络才能确保工具的正常使用,可以根据如下两种情况来配置开发环境: 如果可以直接访问Internet,只需进行[下载HarmonyOS SDK](https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/docs/documentation/doc-guides/environment_config-0000001052902427)操作。 如果网络不能直接访问Internet,需要通过代理服务器才可以访问,请参考[配置开发环境](https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/docs/documentation/doc-guides/environment_config-0000001052902427)。 ## 代码结构解读 ```html ├─config.json #项目配置文件 ├─java │ └─com │ └─huawei │ └─learnharmony │ │ MainAbility.java │ │ MyApplication.java │ │ TimerAbility.java #用于定时更新卡片的服务 │ │ │ ├─database │ │ Form.java #卡片表,extends OrmObject │ │ FormDatabase.java #卡片数据库,extends OrmDatabase │ │ │ ├─slice │ │ ClockCardSlice.java #时钟卡片主能力页,extends AbilitySlice │ │ │ └─utils │ ComponentProviderUtils.java #ComponentProvider工具类 │ DatabaseUtils.java #数据库工具类,实现Form的添加和删除 │ DateUtils.java #日期工具类 │ LogUtils.java #日志工具类 │ └─resources └─base ├─element │ string.json │ ├─graphic │ background_ability_main.xml │ background_week.xml │ ├─layout │ ability_main.xml #主能力页,默认 │ form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2.xml #1x2规格的卡片 │ form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2.xml #2x2规格的卡片 │ form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4.xml #2x4规格的卡片 │ └─media form_image_with_info_datecard_default_image_2.png form_image_with_info_form_card_default_image_2.png icon.png ``` ## 卡片布局 ### form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2.xml #1x2规格的卡片 ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> ``` ### form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2.xml #2x2规格的卡片 ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> ``` ### form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4.xml #2x4规格的卡片 ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> ``` ## 知识点讲解 ### 1.对象关系映射型数据库的使用,如何查询、创建卡片、删除卡片 **首先使用注解定义一张Form表,继承自 OrmObject** ![image.png](https://harmonyos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/images/202106/b66a23c01d3d0ab44bf16257761fa40d4181ae.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_867,h_539) **定义对象关系型数据库FormDatabase,继承自OrmDatabase** ![image.png](https://harmonyos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/images/202106/a45b96c4138675746f7725ad5f32b490a64bf5.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_609,h_248) **使用DatabaseHelper类获取数据库连接(上下文)OrmContext** ![image.png](https://harmonyos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/images/202106/b4c6353212e1795a0e28086ea35d56068353a0.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_926,h_675) **操作数据库,使用OrmPredicates组装条件查询卡片,创建Form卡片、删除Form卡片** ![image.png](https://harmonyos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/images/202106/874ffe333c29835bcf25403e8a2bdcc593bb9f.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_723,h_681) **在MainAbility中,创建卡片和删除卡片的回调函数中onCreateForm/onDeleteForm 构建Form操作卡片 要用到ProviderFormInfo/ComponentProvider。** ![image.png](https://harmonyos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/images/202106/11fb01c4466066ff1a870314a2e7afd8c2c72b.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_1049,h_912) ![image.png](https://harmonyos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/images/202106/127f3e17458e1828563225def38430b7897075.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_715,h_251) ### 2.如何更新卡片数据 定时器-----查询卡片,遍历(可能有多个)----使用ComponentProvider封装数据-----调用updateForm方法执行更新。 ![image.png](https://harmonyos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/images/202106/85d4fce470c4a753291660a9f01960e6a3d2ce.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_1042,h_914) ## 归纳总结 ### Q1.服务卡片的规格,也就是2*2/2*4 是由layout布局文件决定的吗,有啥区别? 规格主要由config.json 的配置决定,有三处***landscapeLayouts、supportDimensions、portraitLayouts***,新增规格也要增加对应规格的布局文件,但是规格并不是由布局文件本身决定的。 ***说明:三处规格的顺序要一致,否则预览时显示也是有问题的。** config.json ```json { "landscapeLayouts": [ "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4" ], "isDefault": true, "scheduledUpdateTime": "10:30", "defaultDimension": "2*4", "name": "DateCard", "description": "This is a form card", "colorMode": "light", "type": "Java", "supportDimensions": [ "1*2", "2*2", "2*4" ], "portraitLayouts": [ "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4" ], "updateEnabled": true, "updateDuration": 1, "formVisibleNotify": true } ] ``` 布局文件的命名也不影响规格,但是建议命名统一采用 xxxxx_card_1_2.xml/xxxxx_card_2_2.xml ,支持的规格是个枚举值,参照进行定义就好。 ```json "defaultDimension": { "description": "This label identifies the default appearance specifications of the card.", "type": "string", "enum": [ "1*2", "2*2", "2*4", "4*4" ] ``` ### Q2.为什么要更新卡片到DB ? 1.卡片信息需要保存在数据库中,使用OrmContext的delete/insert来操作db中的卡片 2.卡片的数据不需要更新到db,只是更新到显示,使用updateForm方法更新卡片数据的显示 ### Q3.如何新增一个规格的卡片? 下面以增加一个1*2规格的卡片为例: 1.config.json ,有三处 ***landscapeLayouts、supportDimensions、portraitLayouts*** 要增加 ```json "forms": [ { "landscapeLayouts": [ "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4" ], "isDefault": true, "scheduledUpdateTime": "10:30", "defaultDimension": "2*4", "name": "DateCard", "description": "This is a form card", "colorMode": "dark", "type": "Java", "supportDimensions": [ "1*2", "2*2", "2*4" ], "portraitLayouts": [ "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4" ], "updateEnabled": true, "updateDuration": 1, "formVisibleNotify": true } ] ``` 2.layout layout下新增form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2.xml 布局文件 ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> ``` 3.ComponentProviderUtils.java 更新几处与规格相关的代码 ```java /** * 获取对应规格的布局文件 * @param dimension * @return */ public static int getLayoutId(int dimension){ int layoutId = 0; if (dimension == DEFAULT_DIMENSION_1X2) { HiLog.info(LABEL,"获取1*2的布局文件"); layoutId = ResourceTable.Layout_form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2; } if (dimension == DEFAULT_DIMENSION_2X2) { HiLog.info(LABEL,"获取1*2的布局文件"); layoutId = ResourceTable.Layout_form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2; } if (dimension == DEFAULT_DIMENSION_2X4) { HiLog.info(LABEL,"获取2*4的布局文件"); layoutId = ResourceTable.Layout_form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4; } return layoutId; } /** * Set the value of componentProvider * 根据规格来更新卡片信息 * @param componentProvider component provider */ private static void setComponentProviderValue(ComponentProvider componentProvider,int layoutId) { Calendar now = Calendar.getInstance(); int hour = now.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY); int min = now.get(Calendar.MINUTE); int second = now.get(Calendar.SECOND); String hourString = int2String(hour); String minString = int2String(min); String secondString = int2String(second); switch (layoutId){ //1*2布局只有个日期组件 case ResourceTable.Layout_form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2: componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_date, DateUtils.getCurrentDate("yyyy-MM-dd")); componentProvider.setTextColor(ResourceTable.Id_date,nowWeekColor); default: componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_date, DateUtils.getCurrentDate("yyyy-MM-dd")); componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_hour, hourString); componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_min, minString); componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_sec, secondString); // 获取当前星期 int weekDayId = getWeekDayId(); componentProvider.setTextColor(weekDayId, nowWeekColor); // 将前一天的星期改回原色 int lastWeekId = getLastWeekDayId(); componentProvider.setTextColor(lastWeekId, primaryWeekColor); } } ``` ### Q4.ClockCardSlice.java和TimerAbility.java 区别? 1.ClockCardSlice.java 代表的是主能力页,是一个FA,负责主能力页的组件的初始化以及数据的定时更新,使用了form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4.xml 的布局。 2.TimerAbility.java 是一个PA,是一个后台服务,负责不同规格卡片上组件的初始化以及数据的定时更新,点击卡片会打开主能力页。 样例中二者都是实现了组件的初始化和数据定时更新,但相互独立。 ## 效果展示 |2x4规格|2x2规格|1x2规格| |-|-|-| |![动画1.gif](https://harmonyos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/images/202106/3108fcf97e2a0f87b0c8574b4c88ae8a7fd905.gif?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_331,h_657)|![动画2.gif](https://harmonyos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/images/202106/c96184264904c9952b748787399c66db13b06a.gif?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_331,h_657)|![动画3.gif](https://harmonyos.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/images/202106/b40dfc8623a8afaa27f817f2913b52bf45eab3.gif?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_331,h_657)| 文章相关附件可以点击下面的原文链接前往下载 原文链接:https://harmonyos.51cto.com/posts/5904#bkwz [想了解更多关于鸿蒙的内容,请访问:](https://harmonyos.51cto.com/#bkwz) [51CTO和华为官方战略合作共建的鸿蒙技术社区](https://harmonyos.51cto.com/#bkwz) https://harmonyos.51cto.com/#bkwz
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