实验拓扑：

cloud连接本机，ip地址为192.168.56.1，五台交换机的配置的地址为192.168.1.201~205。现在通过paramiko，ssh进入五台设备，并且在五台设备上分别创建将192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255通告进入OSPF。

版本：python3.9

实验步骤：

一、ssh配置：

## 创建秘钥
[sw2]dsa local-key-pair create

## 配置SSH认证类型(密码/其他)
[sw2]ssh user prin authentication-type password
[sw2]ssh user prin service-type stelnet
[sw2]stelnet server enable

## 配置认证模式
[sw2]user-interface vty 0 4
[sw2-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa  //配置认证模式
[sw2-ui-vty0-4]protocol inbound ssh     //允许 ssh 连接虚拟终端

## 配置本地用户信息
[sw2]aaa
[sw2-aaa] local-user prin password cipher Huawei@123
[sw2-aaa]local-user prin privilege level 15
[sw2-aaa] local-user prin service-type ssh

二、paramiko脚本：

ssh_device.py： 使用paramiko连接设备

import time
import paramiko


def ssh_multicmd(ip, username, password, cmd_list, asy_id, wait_time=2, verbose=True):
    try:
        print('try ssh' + str(asy_id))
        ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
        ssh.load_system_host_keys()
        ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        ssh.connect(ip, 22, username, password, timeout=5, compress=True)
        print("You have successfully connect to " + ip + '\n')
    except paramiko.ssh_exception.AuthenticationException:
        print("User authentication failed for " + ip + ".")
        return

    # 激活交互式shell
    command = ssh.invoke_shell()
    # 等待网络设备回应
    command.send("system\n")
    # 执行具体的命令
    for cmd in cmd_list:
        command.send(cmd)
    time.sleep(wait_time)
    # 获取路由器返回信息
    output = command.recv(65535)
    x = output.decode('ascii')
    # 关闭连接
    ssh.close()
    if verbose:
        print(x)
    return x


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 执行命令，查看show version的值，和配置OSPF
    commands = ['ospf 1\n', 'area 0\n', 'network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255\n']
    return_results = ssh_multicmd('192.168.56.205', 'prin', 'Huawei@123', commands, 1)

三、协程脚本与测试：

coroutine_ssh.py： 使用协程调用ssh_multicmd函数进行快速批量配置

from ssh_device import ssh_multicmd

import gevent
from gevent import monkey

monkey.patch_all()

commands = ['ospf 1\n', 'area 0\n', 'network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255\n']


def get_ssh_result(i):
    print("start", i)
    # 执行的任务函数
    result = ssh_multicmd('192.168.56.20' + str(i), 'prin', 'Huawei@123', commands, i, verbose=False)
    print("end", i)
    return result


# 同时执行5个任务，id为1-5
tasks = [gevent.spawn(get_ssh_result, i) for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]]
all_result = gevent.joinall(tasks)

# 获取执行信息
for x in all_result:
    print(x.get())

协程测试结果： 可以看到，多个任务‘同时’执行，节约时间。

四、多进程/多线程脚本配置和测试
multiprocessing_ssh.py： 使用多进程或者多线程来配置脚本

from ssh_device import ssh_multicmd
from multiprocessing import cpu_count, Pool as ProcessPool
from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool
from multiprocessing import freeze_support

results = []
commands = ['ospf 1\n', 'area 0\n', 'network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255\n']


# 多进程
def multi_process(ip_prefix, suffix, username, password, commands):
    freeze_support()
    cpus = cpu_count()  # 得到内核数的方法
    pool = ProcessPool(cpus)  # 有效控制并发进程或者线程数，默认为内核数(推荐)

    # 设置对应函数和传入的参数
    for i in suffix:
        result = pool.apply_async(ssh_multicmd, args=(ip_prefix + str(i), username, password, commands, i, 2, False))
        results.append(result)

    # 调用join之前，先调用close函数，否则会出错。执行完close后不会有新的进程加入到pool,join函数等待所有子进程结束
    pool.close()
    pool.join()

    for info in results:
        print(info.get())


# 多线程
def multi_thread(ip_prefix, suffix, username, password, commands):
    pool = ThreadPool(100)
    # 设置对应函数和传入的参数
    for i in suffix:
        result = pool.apply_async(ssh_multicmd, args=(ip_prefix + str(i), username, password, commands, i, 2, False))
        results.append(result)

    # 调用join之前，先调用close函数，否则会出错。执行完close后不会有新的进程加入到pool,join函数等待所有子进程结束
    pool.close()
    pool.join()

    for info in results:
        print(info.get())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 多线程
    # multi_thread('192.168.56.20', range(1, 6), 'prin', 'Huawei@123', commands)
    # 多进程
    multi_process('192.168.56.20', range(1, 6), 'prin', 'Huawei@123', commands)

协程测试结果： 同样多个任务‘同时’进行，节约了时间。