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一:概述
SSM框架在项目开发中经常使用到,相比于SSH框架,它在仅几年的开发中运用的更加广泛。
- Spring作为一个轻量级的框架,有很多的拓展功能,最主要的我们一般项目使用的就是IOC和AOP。
- SpringMVC是Spring实现的一个Web层,相当于Struts的框架,但是比Struts更加灵活和强大!
- Mybatis是 一个持久层的框架,在使用上相比Hibernate更加灵活,可以控制sql的编写,使用 XML或注解进行相关的配置!
根据上面的描述,学习SSM框架就非常的重要了!
二:搭建一个SSM的过程
- 使用Maven管理项目
使用Maven在Eclipse中创建一个webapp的项目 ,具体的创建过程不做演示,如有不会创建的[创建项目]
也可以使用Maven命令进行创建,在Dos窗口进入指定的目录,执行下面命令:
mvn archetype:create -DgroupId=org.ssm.dufy -DartifactId=ssm-demo -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false
使用命令要注意,系统安装了Maven,并配置好了环境变量![Maven的安装和环境变量配置]
-
导入项目(命名创建),添加依赖
导入项目是IDE中,或者直接在IDE创建,一般默认有【src/main/java】,手动创建【src/test/resources】、【src/test/java】文件夹。如下项目结构:
然后直接配置 pom.xml文件中的包依赖!
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.dufy</groupId>
<artifactId>ssm</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>ssmDemo</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<spring.version>4.0.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
<mybatis.version>3.2.1</mybatis.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.35</mysql.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- 添加Spring依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring单元测试依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring webmvc相关jar -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql驱动包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- alibaba data source 相关jar包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>0.2.23</version>
</dependency>
<!-- alibaba fastjson 格式化对 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.1.41</version>
</dependency>
<!-- logback start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.logback-extensions</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-ext-spring</artifactId>
<version>0.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis/spring包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.2.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加servlet3.0核心包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2-b01</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jstl -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--单元测试依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>ssmDemo</finalName>
</build>
</project>
- 创建数据库和表,生成代码
创建数据库我参考别人的博客数据库设计,这块没有自己去书写,直接添上代码
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user_t`;
CREATE TABLE `user_t` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_name` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`age` int(4) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*Data for the table `user_t` */
insert into `user_t`(`id`,`user_name`,`password`,`age`) values (1,'测试','sfasgfaf',24)
生成代码请查看:
生成的代码导入图片解释:
- Spring 和 mybatis整合,连接数据库,进行Junit测试
将生成的代码拷贝到项目中,然后进行Spring和Mybatis的整合,添加配置文件!
主要有
applicationContent.xml :Spring的相关配置!
Spring-mhbatis.xml : Spring和Mybatis集成配置!
jdbc.properties : 数据库信息配置!
logback.xml : 日志输出信息配置!(不做介绍,详细信息查看源码)
主要介绍applicationContext.xml、Spring-mhbatis.xml、jdbc.properties。主要内容如下:
jdbc.properties
jdbc_driverClassName =com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc_url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
jdbc_username=root
jdbc_password=root
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
">
<!-- 1.配置jdbc文件 -->
<bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations" value="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
</bean>
<!-- 2.扫描的包路径,这里不扫描被@Controller注解的类 --><!--使用<context:component-scan/> 可以不在配置<context:annotation-config/> -->
<context:component-scan base-package="org.ssm.dufy">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<import resource="classpath:spring-mybatis.xml" />
</beans>
spring-mybatis.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">
<!-- 3.配置数据源 ,使用的alibba的数据库-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
<!-- 基本属性 url、user、password -->
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc_driverClassName}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc_url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc_username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc_password}"/>
<!-- 配置初始化大小、最小、最大 -->
<property name="initialSize" value="10"/>
<property name="minIdle" value="10"/>
<property name="maxActive" value="50"/>
<!-- 配置获取连接等待超时的时间 -->
<property name="maxWait" value="60000"/>
<!-- 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接,单位是毫秒 -->
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000" />
<!-- 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间,单位是毫秒 -->
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="300000" />
<property name="validationQuery" value="SELECT 'x'" />
<property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" />
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="false" />
<property name="testOnReturn" value="false" />
<!-- 打开PSCache,并且指定每个连接上PSCache的大小 如果用Oracle,则把poolPreparedStatements配置为true,mysql可以配置为false。-->
<property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="false" />
<property name="maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize" value="20" />
<!-- 配置监控统计拦截的filters -->
<property name="filters" value="wall,stat" />
</bean>
<!-- spring和MyBatis完美整合,不需要mybatis的配置映射文件 -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!-- 自动扫描mapping.xml文件 -->
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:org/ssm/dufy/mapper/*.xml"></property>
</bean>
<!-- DAO接口所在包名,Spring会自动查找其下的类 ,自动扫描了所有的XxxxMapper.xml对应的mapper接口文件,只要Mapper接口类和Mapper映射文件对应起来就可以了-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="org.ssm.dufy.dao" />
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
<!-- (事务管理)transaction manager, use JtaTransactionManager for global tx -->
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<!--======= 事务配置 End =================== -->
<!-- 配置基于注解的声明式事务 -->
<!-- enables scanning for @Transactional annotations -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
</beans>
测试代码,两种方式:
测试1:
package org.ssm.dufy.service;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.ssm.dufy.entity.User;
/**
* 配置spring和junit整合,junit启动时加载springIOC容器 spring-test,junit
*/
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
// 告诉junit spring配置文件
@ContextConfiguration({ "classpath:applicationContext.xml"})
public class IUserServiceTest {
@Autowired
public IUserService userService;
@Test
public void getUserByIdTest(){
User user = userService.getUserById(1);
System.out.println(user.getUserName());
}
}
测试2:
package org.ssm.dufy.service;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.ssm.dufy.entity.User;
public class IUserServiceTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext application = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
IUserService uService = (IUserService) application.getBean("userService");
User user = uService.getUserById(1);
System.out.println(user.getUserName());
}
}
5:整合SpringMVC,添加配置,创建jsp
SpringMVC需要的依赖在pom.xml中已经加上了,现在需在Web项目中的web.xml中添加启动SpringMVC启动配置和Spring整合SpringMVC的配置了。
新增如下两个文件:
spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd">
<!-- 扫描controller(controller层注入) -->
<context:component-scan base-package="org.ssm.dufy.web" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 内容协商管理器 -->
<!--1、首先检查路径扩展名(如my.pdf);2、其次检查Parameter(如my?format=pdf);3、检查Accept Header-->
<bean id="contentNegotiationManager" class="org.springframework.web.accept.ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean">
<!-- 扩展名至mimeType的映射,即 /user.json => application/json -->
<property name="favorPathExtension" value="true"/>
<!-- 用于开启 /userinfo/123?format=json 的支持 -->
<property name="favorParameter" value="true"/>
<property name="parameterName" value="format"/>
<!-- 是否忽略Accept Header -->
<property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="false"/>
<property name="mediaTypes"> <!--扩展名到MIME的映射;favorPathExtension, favorParameter是true时起作用 -->
<value>
json=application/json
xml=application/xml
html=text/html
</value>
</property>
<!-- 默认的content type -->
<property name="defaultContentType" value="text/html"/>
</bean>
<!-- 当在web.xml 中 DispatcherServlet使用 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> 映射时,能映射静态资源 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!-- 静态资源映射 -->
<mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/WEB-INF/static/"/>
<!-- 对模型视图添加前后缀 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp"/>
</beans>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app>
<display-name>SSM-DEMO</display-name>
<!-- 读取spring配置文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 设计路径变量值
<context-param>
<param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>
<param-value>springmvc.root</param-value>
</context-param>
-->
<!-- Spring字符集过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>SpringEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SpringEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 添加日志监听器 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>logbackConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:logback.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>ch.qos.logback.ext.spring.web.LogbackConfigListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- springMVC核心配置 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!--spingMVC的配置路径 -->
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- 拦截设置 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
新增index.jsp文件
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>
<!doctype html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
</body>
</html>
6.启动web服务,测试
将上面的项目添加到Tomcat中,启动,控制台没有报错,并在地址栏访问,http://localhost:8080/ssm。页面显示 Hello World! 项目配置ok!
7:编写Controller,和对应得业务界面
新增UserController ,通过参数传递uid获取用户,若用户存在,跳转到showName.jsp ,若用户不存在,则跳转到error.jsp,并返回提示信息!
package org.ssm.dufy.web;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.ssm.dufy.entity.User;
import org.ssm.dufy.service.IUserService;
@Controller
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private IUserService userService;
@RequestMapping(value="/showname",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String showUserName(@RequestParam("uid") int uid,HttpServletRequest request,Model model){
System.out.println("showname");
User user = userService.getUserById(uid);
if(user != null){
request.setAttribute("name", user.getUserName());
model.addAttribute("mame", user.getUserName());
return "showName";
}
request.setAttribute("error", "没有找到该用户!");
return "error";
}
}
Jsp内容如下:
showName.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>show name</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome</h1> ${name }<h1>访问此页面</h1>
</body>
</html>
error.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>error page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2> ${error } </h2>
</body>
</html>
三:遇到的问题
1:找不到UserService,报错
可能是包扫描路径的问题,检查一下Service是否在扫描的范围内
2:jsp接收不到request.setAttribute("","");内容
查资料说是因为 JSP的版本问题,可以在Jsp 上面添加 <%@ page isELIgnored="false" %>
或者修改web.xml ,添加version版本!
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0" metadata-complete="true">
四:心得总结
或许这些都是站在别人的基础的搭建的,但是看一篇SSM的搭建文章可能很快,看完觉得自己懂了,但是我建议一定要自己去搭建一次,看一遍,和动手做一遍完全是两个概念!
五:参考文章
SSM框架——详细整合教程(Spring+SpringMVC+MyBatis)
附:
项目源代码:
https://github.com/dufyun/learn-tech-collection/tree/master/ssm
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"不管做什么,只要坚持下去就会看到不一样!在路上,不卑不亢!"
http://blog.csdn.net/u010648555