<?xml version="1.0"?>

<data>

    <country name="Liechtenstein">

        <rank updated="yes">2</rank>

        <year>2008</year>

        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>

        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>

        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>

    </country>

    <country name="Singapore">

        <rank updated="yes">5</rank>

        <year>2011</year>

        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>

        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>

    </country>

    <country name="Panama">

        <rank updated="yes">69</rank>

        <year>2011</year>

        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>

        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>

        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>

    </country>

</data>

[DEFAULT]

ServerAliveInterval = 45

Compression = yes

CompressionLevel = 9

ForwardX11 = yes

[bitbucket.org]

User = hg

[topsecret.server.com]

Port = 50022

ForwardX11 = no

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()

config["DEFAULT"] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '',

                      'Compression': 'yes',

                     'CompressionLevel': ''}

config['bitbucket.org'] = {}

config['bitbucket.org']['User'] = 'hg'

config['topsecret.server.com'] = {}

topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']

topsecret['Host Port'] = ''     # mutates the parser

topsecret['ForwardX11'] = 'no'  # same here

config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11'] = 'yes'

with open('example.ini', 'w') as configfile:

   config.write(configfile)

>>> import configparser

>>> config = configparser.ConfigParser()

>>> config.sections()

[]

>>> config.read('example.ini')

['example.ini']

>>> config.sections()

['bitbucket.org', 'topsecret.server.com']

>>> 'bitbucket.org' in config

True

>>> 'bytebong.com' in config

False

>>> config['bitbucket.org']['User']

'hg'

>>> config['DEFAULT']['Compression']

'yes'

>>> topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']

>>> topsecret['ForwardX11']

'no'

>>> topsecret['Port']

''

>>> for key in config['bitbucket.org']: print(key)

...

user

compressionlevel

serveraliveinterval

compression

forwardx11

>>> config['bitbucket.org']['ForwardX11']

'yes'

[section1]

k1 = v1

k2:v2

[section2]

k1 = v1

import ConfigParser

config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()

config.read('i.cfg')

# ########## 读 ##########

#secs = config.sections()

#print secs

#options = config.options('group2')

#print options

#item_list = config.items('group2')

#print item_list

#val = config.get('group1','key')

#val = config.getint('group1','key')

# ########## 改写 ##########

#sec = config.remove_section('group1')

#config.write(open('i.cfg', "w"))

#sec = config.has_section('wupeiqi')

#sec = config.add_section('wupeiqi')

#config.write(open('i.cfg', "w"))

#config.set('group2','k1',11111)

#config.write(open('i.cfg', "w"))

#config.remove_option('group2','age')

#config.write(open('i.cfg', "w"))

import hashlib

m = hashlib.md5()

m.update(b"Hello")

m.update(b"It's me")

print(m.digest())

m.update(b"It's been a long time since last time we ...")

print(m.digest()) #2进制格式hash

print(len(m.hexdigest())) #16进制格式hash

'''

def digest(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

    """ Return the digest value as a string of binary data. """

    pass

def hexdigest(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

    """ Return the digest value as a string of hexadecimal digits. """

    pass

'''

import hashlib

# ######## md5 ########

hash = hashlib.md5()

hash.update('admin')

print(hash.hexdigest())

# ######## sha1 ########

hash = hashlib.sha1()

hash.update('admin')

print(hash.hexdigest())

# ######## sha256 ########

hash = hashlib.sha256()

hash.update('admin')

print(hash.hexdigest())

# ######## sha384 ########

hash = hashlib.sha384()

hash.update('admin')

print(hash.hexdigest())

# ######## sha512 ########

hash = hashlib.sha512()

hash.update('admin')

print(hash.hexdigest())

import hmac

h = hmac.new('wueiqi')

h.update('hellowo')

print h.hexdigest()

import logging

logging.warning("user [alex] attempted wrong password more than 3 times")

logging.critical("server is down")

#输出

WARNING:root:user [alex] attempted wrong password more than 3 times

CRITICAL:root:server is down

import logging

logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log',level=logging.INFO)

logging.debug('This message should go to the log file')

logging.info('So should this')

logging.warning('And this, too')

import logging

#create logger

logger = logging.getLogger('TEST-LOG')

logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# create console handler and set level to debug

ch = logging.StreamHandler()

ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# create file handler and set level to warning

fh = logging.FileHandler("access.log")

fh.setLevel(logging.WARNING)

# create formatter

formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

# add formatter to ch and fh

ch.setFormatter(formatter)

fh.setFormatter(formatter)

# add ch and fh to logger

logger.addHandler(ch)

logger.addHandler(fh)

# 'application' code

logger.debug('debug message')

logger.info('info message')

logger.warn('warn message')

logger.error('error message')

logger.critical('critical message')

　　

import logging

from logging import handlers

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

log_file = "timelog.log"

#fh = handlers.RotatingFileHandler(filename=log_file,maxBytes=10,backupCount=3)

fh = handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename=log_file,when="S",interval=5,backupCount=3)

formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(module)s:%(lineno)d %(message)s')

fh.setFormatter(formatter)

logger.addHandler(fh)

logger.warning("test1")

logger.warning("test12")

logger.warning("test13")

logger.warning("test14")

 '.'     默认匹配除\n之外的任意一个字符，若指定flag DOTALL,则匹配任意字符，包括换行

 '^'     匹配字符开头，若指定flags MULTILINE,这种也可以匹配上(r"^a","\nabc\neee",flags=re.MULTILINE)

 '$'     匹配字符结尾，或e.search("foo$","bfoo\nsdfsf",flags=re.MULTILINE).group()也可以

 '*'     匹配*号前的字符0次或多次，re.findall("ab*","cabb3abcbbac")  结果为['abb', 'ab', 'a']

 '+'     匹配前一个字符1次或多次，re.findall("ab+","ab+cd+abb+bba") 结果['ab', 'abb']

 '?'     匹配前一个字符1次或0次

 '{m}'   匹配前一个字符m次

 '{n,m}' 匹配前一个字符n到m次，re.findall("ab{1,3}","abb abc abbcbbb") 结果'abb', 'ab', 'abb']

 '|'     匹配|左或|右的字符，re.search("abc|ABC","ABCBabcCD").group() 结果'ABC'

 '(...)' 分组匹配，re.search("(abc){2}a(123|456)c", "abcabca456c").group() 结果 abcabca456c

 '\A'    只从字符开头匹配，re.search("\Aabc","alexabc") 是匹配不到的

 '\Z'    匹配字符结尾，同$

 '\d'    匹配数字0-9

 '\D'    匹配非数字

 '\w'    匹配[A-Za-z0-9]

 '\W'    匹配非[A-Za-z0-9]

 's'     匹配空白字符、\t、\n、\r , re.search("\s+","ab\tc1\n3").group() 结果 '\t'

 '(?P<name>...)' 分组匹配 re.search("(?P<province>[0-9]{4})(?P<city>[0-9]{2})(?P<birthday>[0-9]{4})","").groupdict("city") 结果{'province': '', 'city': '', 'birthday': ''}

 re.match 从头开始匹配

 re.search 匹配包含

 re.findall 把所有匹配到的字符放到以列表中的元素返回

 re.splitall 以匹配到的字符当做列表分隔符

 re.sub      匹配字符并替换

 re.I(re.IGNORECASE): 忽略大小写（括号内是完整写法，下同）

 M(MULTILINE): 多行模式，改变'^'和'$'的行为（参见上图）

 S(DOTALL): 点任意匹配模式，改变'.'的行为