Structs+Spring+Hibernate，这是很经典的一个搭配，它的开发流程也比较程式化，下面以用户注册为例。
注册页面代码：
<%@page contentType="text/html;charset=GBK"%>
<html>
<head><title>Spring、Struts和Hibernate整合之用户注册</title></head>
<body>${msg}
<form name="user" action="/myHibernate/regedit.do" method="post">
用户名 <input type="text" name="username" value="${user.username}"/><br>
密 码 <input type="password" name="password" value="${user.password}"/><br>
<input type="submit" name="method" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
实体Bean类：
package com.myHibernate.bean;
public class User1 {
// 定义id
private String id = null;
//定义用户名
private String username = null;
//定义密码
private String password = null;
//设定id
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
//获取id
public String getId() {
return this.id;
}
//设定用户名
public void setUsername (String username) {
this.username = username;
}
//获取用户名
public String getUsername () {
return this.username;
}
//设定密码
public void setPassword (String password) {
this.password = password;
}
//获取密码
public String getPassword () {
return this.password;
}
}
对应的映射文件User.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="com.myHibernate.bean"> <class name="User" table="user"> <!--定义id--> <id name="id" column="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <!--定义用户名--> <property name="username"/> <!--定义密码--> <property name="password"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
用户DAO接口：
package com.myHibernate.dao;
import com.myHibernate.bean.User;
public interface UserDAO {
//查询用户
public abstract User queryUser(String name);
//新增用户
public abstract void insertUser(User user);
//修改用户
public abstract void updateUser(User user);
//删除用户
public abstract void deleteUser(User user);
}
用户DAO接口实现类：
package com.myHibernate.dao.impl;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import com.myHibernate.bean.User;
import com.myHibernate.dao.UserDAO;
public class UserDAOImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDAO{
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private String hql = "from User u where u.username = ?";
//查询用户
public User queryUser(String name) {
User user = null;
//如果查询结果为空
if (this.getHibernateTemplate().find(hql, name) == null ) {
user = null;
} else {
//不为空时，取第一笔
user = (User)this.getHibernateTemplate().find(hql, name).get(0);
}
return user;
}
//新增用户
public void insertUser(User user) {
this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user);
}
//修改用户
public void updateUser(User user) {
this.getHibernateTemplate().update(user);
}
//删除用户
public void deleteUser(User user) {
this.getHibernateTemplate().delete(user);
}
}
注册的业务逻辑接口：
package com.myHibernate.domain;
import com.myHibernate.bean.User;
public interface Regedit {
//保存用户
public abstract void saveUser(User user);
//修改用户
public abstract void updateUser(User user);
//删除用户
public abstract void deleteUser(User user);
//获取是否保存成功的消息
public abstract String getMsg();
}
注册的业务逻辑实现：
package com.myHibernate.domain.impl;
import com.myHibernate.bean.User;
import com.myHibernate.dao.UserDAO;
import com.myHibernate.domain.Regedit;
public class RegeditImpl implements Regedit{
private String msg;
private UserDAO userDao;
//保存用户
public void saveUser(User user) {
userDao.insertUser(user);
msg = "保存成功";
}
//修改用户
public void updateUser(User user) {
userDao.updateUser(user);
}
//删除用户
public void deleteUser(User user) {
userDao.deleteUser(user);
}
//获取是否保存成功的消息
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
/**
* @返回userDao
*/
public UserDAO getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
/**
* @注入userDao
*/
public void setUserDao(UserDAO userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
}
用户注册控制器类：
package com.myHibernate.action;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
//导入struts包
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import com.myHibernate.bean.User;
import com.myHibernate.domain.Regedit;
//继承action
public class RegeditAction extends Action {
//定义接口Regedit
private Regedit regedit;
//获取值
public Regedit getRegedit () {
return regedit;
}
//依赖注入值
public void setRegedit (Regedit regedit) {
this.regedit = regedit;
}
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//获取用户提交的信息
User user = (User)form;
//保存用户提交的信息
getRegedit().saveUser(user);
//将用户提交的信息和是否保存成功的信息存放在request中
request.setAttribute("user", user);
request.setAttribute("msg", regedit.getMsg());
//返回页面
return mapping.findForward("regedit");
}
}
下面是配置文件方面，首先是Hibernate的配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml，定义了访问数据库所需要的一些值：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/myHibernate</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property> <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <mapping resource="com/myHibernate/bean/User.hbm.xml"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
然后是Spring的配置文件spring-config.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"> <beans> <!--定义数据源--> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <!--设定驱动--> <property name="driverClassName"> <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value> </property> <!--设定url--> <property name="url"> <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/myHibernate</value> </property> <!--设定用户名--> <property name="username"> <value>root</value> </property> </bean> <!--通过org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean建立联系--> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource"> <ref local="dataSource" /> </property> <!--定义要使用的映射文件--> <property name="mappingResources"> <list> <value>com/myHibernate/bean/User.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> <!--定义要使用的方言和是否显示sql--> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <!--这里添加对事务处理的支持，当然也可以不用--> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory"> <ref local="sessionFactory" /> </property> </bean> <!--表示要将下面定义的userDao置于事务处理之下--> <bean id="userDaoProxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> <property name="transactionManager"> <ref bean="transactionManager" /> </property> <!--要代理userDao--> <property name="target"> <ref local="userDao" /> </property> <!--定义不同情况下，事务处理的方式--> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="create*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="query*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <!--定义userDao--> <bean id="userDao" class="com.myHibernate.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory"> <ref local="sessionFactory" /> </property> </bean> <!--定义regedit，将UserDAO进行注入--> <bean id="regedit" class="com.myHibernate.domain.impl.RegeditImpl"> <property name="userDao"> <ref local="userDao" /> </property> </bean> <!--定义login，将UserDAO进行注入--> <bean id="login" class="com.myHibernate.domain.impl.LoginImpl"> <property name="userDao"> <ref local="userDao" /> </property> </bean> <!--定义和Struts相应的映射，将regedit进行注入--> <bean name="/regedit" class="com.myHibernate.action.RegeditAction"> <property name="regedit"> <ref bean="regedit"/> </property> </bean> <!--定义和Struts相应的映射，将login进行注入--> <bean name="/login" class="com.myHibernate.action.LoginAction"> <property name="login"> <ref bean="login"/> </property> </bean> </beans>
然后是Struts的配置文件struts-config.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd"> <struts-config><!--定义formbean--><form-beans><form-bean name="user" type="com.myHibernate.bean.User"/></form-beans> <action-mappings> <!--定义和SPring配置文件相同的路径--> <action path="/regedit" type="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy" name="user"> <forward name="regedit" path="/jsp/regedit.jsp"/> </action> <!--定义初次访问时的路径--> <action path="/input" type="org.apache.struts.actions.ForwardAction" parameter="/jsp/regedit.jsp"/> <!--定义和SPring配置文件相同的路径--> <action path="/login" type="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy" name="user"> <forward name="login" path="/jsp/login.jsp"/> </action> <!--定义初次访问时的路径--> <action path="/loginTemp" type="org.apache.struts.actions.ForwardAction" parameter="/jsp/login.jsp"/> </action-mappings> <!--注册ContextLoaderPlugIn插件--> <plug-in className="org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn"> <set-property property="contextConfigLocation" value="/WEB-INF/spring-config.xml" /> </plug-in> </struts-config>
最后是Web应用程序配置文件web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <servlet> <servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class> <!--初始参数--> <init-param> <param-name>config</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!--处理所有后缀为do的请求--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
可以看到，MVC的三层架构思路很清晰，但缺点也很明显，配置文件太过于冗杂，CRUD代码随处冗余，不够简约，下一篇文章中我们将见识到一个解决这个问题的优秀框架—SpringSide。