自动注入补充的点:
1:AutowireMode
之前博客中讲到@Autowire,@Value,@Inject自动注入的处理都是在后置处理器 AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#postProcessProperties中,这个后置处理器的调用是在 AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#populateBean 中:
但是在这段逻辑上面有一段 AutowireMode的判断,会根据bean对应的BeanDefinition中的 AutowireMode属性判断是否要走byType, byName。但是这段逻辑很少走到,因为平常用的@Component,@Service ,@Bean生成的 BeanDefinition#getResolvedAutowireMode()结果都是AUTOWIRE_NO
除了在xml定义bean的时候可以设置autowire属性: <bean id="people" class="com.my.ioc.pojo.People" autowire="byName">
在使用@Bean定义bean的时候也可以定义这个属性,但是推荐已经过期了:
2:@Lazy
注入点的属性加了@Lazy之后的处理逻辑,上篇中还没有提到,在DefaultListableBeanFactory#resolveDependency 中,
属性注入的对象只是个代理对象,当调用对象的相应方法时,会调用getTarget()得到真实的对象,也还是调用doResolveDependency方法。
3:bean自动注入自身对象
加入定义了三个类型为People的bean, beanName分别是 people, people1,people2, 我在people的定义中注入自身。
@Component
public class People {
@Autowired
private People people;
private String userName="people";
public People(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public People() {
}
public String getFieldPeopleUserName(){
return people.getUserName();
}
config中定义了两个:
@Bean @Scope("prototype") public People people1() { People p1= new People(); p1.setUserName("people1"); return p1; } @Bean @Scope("prototype") public People people2(){ People p1= new People(); p1.setUserName("people2"); return p1; }
去geBean("people");
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanConfig.class);
System.out.println("======================");
People son=(People)applicationContext.getBean("people");
System.out.println(son.getFieldPeopleUserName());
System.out.println("======================");
执行是会报错的:这里它只找到了两种people1,people2两个bean。 注意这里并没有把people找出来。
把people2的@Bean注释掉之后,再次执行是可以成功的。但是注意哦,这里属性注入的实例是beanName为people1的。
把people1也注释掉,就只有people一个。属性注入也是可以成功。
为什么会出现上面两种情况呢?要从DefaultListableBeanFactory#findAutowireCandidates 的源码中得知。再找到候选者beanName之后会经过 isAutowireCandidate的筛选,但是筛选之前还有个判断,就是根据byType找到的beanName是不是自身。如果是自身的话result中就不会存这个beanName。isSelfReference这个方法。
// 对候选者bean进行过滤,首先候选者不是自己,然后候选者是支持自动注入给其它beand的 // 这里判断是不是候选者的时候不止会判断 autowire-candidate是否为true,还有一些其它判断:isAutowireCandidate(candidate, descriptor) for (String candidate : candidateNames) { // 根据byType找到的beanName判断 isSelfReference(beanName, candidate) 首先排除了候选者是自己 // isAutowireCandidate方法中会去判断候选者是否和descriptor匹配 并不是所有bean都是可以进行注入的 if (!isSelfReference(beanName, candidate) && isAutowireCandidate(candidate, descriptor)) { addCandidateEntry(result, candidate, descriptor, requiredType); } }
// 如果只有一个people,上面过滤后result为空。 if (result.isEmpty()) { boolean multiple = indicatesMultipleBeans(requiredType); // Consider fallback matches if the first pass failed to find anything... DependencyDescriptor fallbackDescriptor = descriptor.forFallbackMatch(); for (String candidate : candidateNames) { if (!isSelfReference(beanName, candidate) && isAutowireCandidate(candidate, fallbackDescriptor) && (!multiple || getAutowireCandidateResolver().hasQualifier(descriptor))) { addCandidateEntry(result, candidate, descriptor, requiredType); } } if (result.isEmpty() && !multiple) { // Consider self references as a final pass... // but in the case of a dependency collection, not the very same bean itself. for (String candidate : candidateNames) {
// 如果上面的result都为空,判断是否是自身注入,如果是的就把自身的bean添加到result中 if (isSelfReference(beanName, candidate) && (!(descriptor instanceof MultiElementDescriptor) || !beanName.equals(candidate)) && isAutowireCandidate(candidate, fallbackDescriptor)) { addCandidateEntry(result, candidate, descriptor, requiredType); } } } } return result;
1)如果有people,people1,people2三个beanName的People。经过上面的逻辑之后,result还有两个people1,people2,然后返回给DefaultListableBeanFactory#doResolveDependency
返回的这个matchingBeans有两个。在调用determineAutowireCandidate 要确定唯一 一个beanName的时候是没法确定的,因为属性名是people,所以会走到descriptor.resolveNotUnique 抛出错误。
2:当把people2注释掉之后,返回的result中就剩下people2一个beanName,所以注入的就是这个,不会再报错。
3:注释掉people1之后,就只有people自己了,注入自身people也是成功的,这是为啥呢? 候选者bean筛选的时候是去掉自身的bean了吗。是的,候选者bean筛选的时候是去掉自身的bean,这时候在DefaultListableBeanFactory#findAutowireCandidates方法筛选之后,result 为空,但是下面如果筛选结果为空,又有一些判断,其中就把所有的候选者beanName又过滤一遍,如果有自身的beanname就添加进了result中了,
所以返回的结果中,就只有自身的beanName了。
@Resource
注入的流程先作个总结再看源码:
1:如果@Resource中指定了name属性,则只会根据这个name属性值去找bean,找不到就报错。
2:如果没有指定这个name属性,那么先判断注入点的名字(属性名/set方法名)是不是存在bean,如果存在,则直接根据注入点名字获取bean注入。
如果不存在,则会走@Autowire的注入逻辑,根据注入点类型去找bean。
我们上篇提到@Autowire自动注入的的源码是在后置处理器AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 中的,但是@Resource的注解的解析注入是在 CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor中实现的。
CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 继承了 InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor,实现了InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor,所以也有postProcessMergedBeanDefinition ,postProcessProperties方法。
了解了@Autowire的源码,这个就很简单了,流程基本都是一样的。但是这个后置处理器并不是单独处理@Resource注解的,这是个公共的后置处理器,还会处理其它注解。
@Override public void postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, Class<?> beanType, String beanName) { super.postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(beanDefinition, beanType, beanName); // 找到注入点 InjectionMetadata metadata = findResourceMetadata(beanName, beanType, null); metadata.checkConfigMembers(beanDefinition); }
private InjectionMetadata findResourceMetadata(String beanName, final Class<?> clazz, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) { // Fall back to class name as cache key, for backwards compatibility with custom callers. String cacheKey = (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) ? beanName : clazz.getName()); // Quick check on the concurrent map first, with minimal locking. InjectionMetadata metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey); if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) { synchronized (this.injectionMetadataCache) { metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey); if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) { if (metadata != null) { metadata.clear(pvs); } // 构造注入点 metadata = buildResourceMetadata(clazz); this.injectionMetadataCache.put(cacheKey, metadata); } } } return metadata; }
private InjectionMetadata buildResourceMetadata(final Class<?> clazz) {
if (!AnnotationUtils.isCandidateClass(clazz, resourceAnnotationTypes)) {
return InjectionMetadata.EMPTY;
}
List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> elements = new ArrayList<>();
Class<?> targetClass = clazz;
do {
// 注意,下面InjectedElement子类不再按属性和方法分了,而是按注解类型来分了
final List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> currElements = new ArrayList<>();
// 找到属性上面的注解
ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(targetClass, field -> {
// 判断属性上是否有 javax.xml.ws.WebServiceRef 注解
if (webServiceRefClass != null && field.isAnnotationPresent(webServiceRefClass)) {
if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("@WebServiceRef annotation is not supported on static fields");
}
currElements.add(new WebServiceRefElement(field, field, null));
}
//判断判断属性上是否有 javax.ejb.EJB
else if (ejbClass != null && field.isAnnotationPresent(ejbClass)) {
if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("@EJB annotation is not supported on static fields");
}
currElements.add(new EjbRefElement(field, field, null));
}
// 判断属性上是否有 @Resource注解
else if (field.isAnnotationPresent(Resource.class)) {
// 不能注入静态属性
if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("@Resource annotation is not supported on static fields");
}
// 可以向ignoredResourceTypes添加不想被注入的类型,当ignoredResourceTypes包含属性的类型时,这个属性不作为注入点
if (!this.ignoredResourceTypes.contains(field.getType().getName())) {
// 构造方法中会根据是否在注解上传入了name属性来给this.name 赋值
currElements.add(new ResourceElement(field, field, null));
}
}
});
// 判断方法上是否有相关注解
ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, method -> {
Method bridgedMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);
if (!BridgeMethodResolver.isVisibilityBridgeMethodPair(method, bridgedMethod)) {
return;
}
if (method.equals(ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, clazz))) {
if (webServiceRefClass != null && bridgedMethod.isAnnotationPresent(webServiceRefClass)) {
if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("@WebServiceRef annotation is not supported on static methods");
}
if (method.getParameterCount() != 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("@WebServiceRef annotation requires a single-arg method: " + method);
}
PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);
currElements.add(new WebServiceRefElement(method, bridgedMethod, pd));
}
else if (ejbClass != null && bridgedMethod.isAnnotationPresent(ejbClass)) {
if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("@EJB annotation is not supported on static methods");
}
if (method.getParameterCount() != 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("@EJB annotation requires a single-arg method: " + method);
}
PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);
currElements.add(new EjbRefElement(method, bridgedMethod, pd));
}
else if (bridgedMethod.isAnnotationPresent(Resource.class)) {
// 不能加在静态方法上
if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("@Resource annotation is not supported on static methods");
}
Class<?>[] paramTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
// @Resource 加的方法上的参数必须只有一个
if (paramTypes.length != 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("@Resource annotation requires a single-arg method: " + method);
}
// ignoredResourceTypes 包含参数的类型的话 这个方法也是不作为注入点的
if (!this.ignoredResourceTypes.contains(paramTypes[0].getName())) {
PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);
currElements.add(new ResourceElement(method, bridgedMethod, pd));
}
}
}
});
elements.addAll(0, currElements);
// 还是会向上找父类的
targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
}
while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);
return InjectionMetadata.forElements(elements, clazz);
}
public ResourceElement(Member member, AnnotatedElement ae, @Nullable PropertyDescriptor pd) { super(member, pd); Resource resource = ae.getAnnotation(Resource.class); String resourceName = resource.name(); Class<?> resourceType = resource.type(); // 这里判断,@Resource有没有设置name属性值,如果没有的话,把this.isDefaultName=true // 默认的名字 this.name 就被赋值为了属性名resourceName = this.member.getName(); 得到属性名 this.isDefaultName = !StringUtils.hasLength(resourceName); if (this.isDefaultName) { resourceName = this.member.getName(); if (this.member instanceof Method && resourceName.startsWith("set") && resourceName.length() > 3) { resourceName = Introspector.decapitalize(resourceName.substring(3)); } } else if (embeddedValueResolver != null) { resourceName = embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(resourceName); } if (Object.class != resourceType) { checkResourceType(resourceType); } else { // No resource type specified... check field/method. resourceType = getResourceType(); } this.name = (resourceName != null ? resourceName : ""); this.lookupType = resourceType; String lookupValue = resource.lookup(); this.mappedName = (StringUtils.hasLength(lookupValue) ? lookupValue : resource.mappedName()); Lazy lazy = ae.getAnnotation(Lazy.class); this.lazyLookup = (lazy != null && lazy.value()); }
注意: @Resource不能加在静态属性和方法上,加上方法上,方法的参数必须只有一个,可以通过 this.ignoredResourceTypes 去掉不想被注入的类型。
上面找到注入点之后,下面就进行注入 , 执行的方法:CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#postProcessProperties 方法,
public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) { InjectionMetadata metadata = findResourceMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs); try { metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of resource dependencies failed", ex); } return pvs; }
public void inject(Object target, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable { Collection<InjectedElement> checkedElements = this.checkedElements; Collection<InjectedElement> elementsToIterate = (checkedElements != null ? checkedElements : this.injectedElements); if (!elementsToIterate.isEmpty()) { //遍历每个能够注入的属性 进行注入 for (InjectedElement element : elementsToIterate) { if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("Processing injected element of bean '" + beanName + "': " + element); } // element可能是Method 也可能是Field 会走不同的子类 AutowiredFieldElement AutowiredMethodElement
// 在@Resource逻辑里,那些注入的子类,并没有重写inject方法,还是走的 InjectedElement#inject element.inject(target, beanName, pvs); } } }
InjectedElement#inject
/**
* Either this or {@link #getResourceToInject} needs to be overridden.
*/
protected void inject(Object target, @Nullable String requestingBeanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs)
throws Throwable {
// 如果时属性则反射赋值
if (this.isField) {
Field field = (Field) this.member;
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
//getResourceToInject 需要被重写,就是ResourceElement
field.set(target, getResourceToInject(target, requestingBeanName));
}
else {
// 检查当前的属性是不是通过 by type 和by name注入的
if (checkPropertySkipping(pvs)) {
return;
}
try {
// 如果时方法,则通过方法赋值
Method method = (Method) this.member;
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);
method.invoke(target, getResourceToInject(target, requestingBeanName));
}
catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
throw ex.getTargetException();
}
}
}
ResourceElement#getResourceElement
@Override protected Object getResourceToInject(Object target, @Nullable String requestingBeanName) { return (this.lazyLookup ? buildLazyResourceProxy(this, requestingBeanName) : getResource(this, requestingBeanName)); }
看getResource
protected Object getResource(LookupElement element, @Nullable String requestingBeanName) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException { if (StringUtils.hasLength(element.mappedName)) { return this.jndiFactory.getBean(element.mappedName, element.lookupType); } if (this.alwaysUseJndiLookup) { return this.jndiFactory.getBean(element.name, element.lookupType); } if (this.resourceFactory == null) { throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(element.lookupType, "No resource factory configured - specify the 'resourceFactory' property"); } return autowireResource(this.resourceFactory, element, requestingBeanName); }
autowireResource,里面逻辑主要也是resolveDependency.这部分见@Autowire分析
protected Object autowireResource(BeanFactory factory, LookupElement element, @Nullable String requestingBeanName) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException { Object resource; Set<String> autowiredBeanNames; String name = element.name; if (factory instanceof AutowireCapableBeanFactory) { AutowireCapableBeanFactory beanFactory = (AutowireCapableBeanFactory) factory; DependencyDescriptor descriptor = element.getDependencyDescriptor(); // 如果isDefaultName 为true说明@Resource没有配置属性name属性,默认的是属性名。 !factory.containsBean(name) 且bean工厂中不含有这个bean // 走这里之前 fallbackToDefaultTypeMatch 这个才是第一个开关 相当于看是否需要根据Type进行找bean if (this.fallbackToDefaultTypeMatch && element.isDefaultName && !factory.containsBean(name)) { autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(); // 走到 resolveDependency 这个是@Autowire的逻辑是一样的 先byType 在byName找bean resource = beanFactory.resolveDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName, autowiredBeanNames, null); if (resource == null) { throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(element.getLookupType(), "No resolvable resource object"); } } else { // 直接从beanFactory中获取bean resource = beanFactory.resolveBeanByName(name, descriptor); autowiredBeanNames = Collections.singleton(name); } } else { resource = factory.getBean(name, element.lookupType); autowiredBeanNames = Collections.singleton(name); } if (factory instanceof ConfigurableBeanFactory) { ConfigurableBeanFactory beanFactory = (ConfigurableBeanFactory) factory; for (String autowiredBeanName : autowiredBeanNames) { if (requestingBeanName != null && beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName)) { beanFactory.registerDependentBean(autowiredBeanName, requestingBeanName); } } } return resource; }