下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

解压

tar -xvf mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

1.创建家目录（basedir）：

mkdir -p /usr/local  当然有/usr/local目录我们就不用创建了、

2.将解压后的mysql安装目录移动到/usr/local 文件夹下并重命名为mysql

mv mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  /usr/local/mysql

3.创建数据目录（datadir）:

mkdir -p /data/mysql

4.授权数据目录 /data/mysql

useradd  mysql

chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql

5.新建mysql配置文件： /etc/my.cnf

在/etc目录下新建my.cnf，内容为：
[client]
port    = 3306
socket    = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
basedir    = /usr/local/mysql
datadir    = /data/mysql/
socket    = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file = db.pid
character-set-server = utf8mb4
skip_name_resolve = 1
open_files_limit    = 65535
back_log = 1024
max_connections = 512
max_connect_errors = 1000000
table_open_cache = 1024
table_definition_cache = 1024
table_open_cache_instances = 64
thread_stack = 512K
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 768
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
interactive_timeout = 600
wait_timeout = 600
tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/slow.log
log-error = /data/mysql/error.log
long_query_time = 0.1
server-id = 3306101
log-bin = /data/mysql/mybinlog
sync_binlog = 1
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1G
max_binlog_size = 1G
expire_logs_days = 7
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
log_slave_updates
binlog_format = row
relay_log_recovery = 1
relay-log-purge = 1
key_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

lock_wait_timeout = 3600
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_sync_spin_loops = 100
innodb_spin_wait_delay = 30

transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M
innodb_log_file_size = 2G
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 4G

innodb_io_capacity = 4000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
innodb_flush_neighbors = 0
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_page_cleaners = 4
innodb_open_files = 65535
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_lru_scan_depth = 4000
innodb_checksum_algorithm = crc32
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10
innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 1
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size = 4G
internal_tmp_disk_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0

innodb_status_file = 1

innodb_status_output = 0
innodb_status_output_locks = 0

#performance_schema
performance_schema = 1
performance_schema_instrument = '%=on'

#innodb monitor
innodb_monitor_enable="module_innodb"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_server"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_dml"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_ddl"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_trx"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_os"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_purge"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_log"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_lock"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_buffer"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_index"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_ibuf_system"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_buffer_page"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_adaptive_hash"

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

6.初始化mysql数据库【进入到mysql安装目录bin目录下执行初始化脚本】

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin

./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize

7.启动mysql服务进入到mysql安装目录bin目录下执行启动mysql脚本】

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin

./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

8.查看初始化密码：

cat /data/mysql/error.log 

9.进入到mysql bin目录下使用初始化密码登陆mysql：

./mysql -uroot -p'.l7_)Snvn+xE' --socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock

10.登陆后修改密码：

ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY '123456';  

11.授权所有客户端都能够访问上mysql服务：

下面的root 代表用户 ，%代表所有IP设备，123456代表登陆mysql密码

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456;
flush privileges;

12.服务器启动的时候，自动加载mysql启动命令

vim /etc/rc.local 
添加语句：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

补充：

mysql的启动方式以前一直习惯性的使用如下命令：

    mysqld --defaults-file=xxx --user=mysql &

为了方便快速启动，更改启动方式为 service mysqld start,步骤如下：

1、copy mysql.server启动脚本至/etc/init.d/mysqld

  cp $mysql_base_file/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

2、创建配置文件的软链接  ---此处可以创建软链接，或直接修改 mysql.server 也就是  /etc/init.d/mysqld 中的 conf=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf

  ln -s /etc/my$mysql_port.cnf $mysql_base_file/my.cnf

3、更改/etc/init.d/mysqld中的内容为自己安装的mysql的位置

4、service mysqld start    --查看参数是否是自己设定的参数，如不是，按如下方式，指定启动服务：
mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root

---手动停止服务
mysqladmin --defaults-file=/usr/local/my.cnf --user=root shutdown -p