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C++使用共享内存实现进程间通信文件映射是一种实现进程间单向或双向通信的机制。它允许两个或多个本地进程间相互通信。为了共享文件或内存,所有的进程必须使用相同的文件映射的名字或是句柄。
为了实现共享文件,第一个进程先调用CreateFile方法。接下来调用CreateFileMapping方法来创建一个文件映射对象。并为文件映射指明一个句柄和名称。由于事件,信号,互斥对象和文件映射等这些内核对象都共享同一个名字空间,所以如果这个名字和其他一个对象的名称重名的话那么将创建失败。
为了实现共享内存,进程应首先调用CreateFileMapping函数然后在hFile参数中传入INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE宏来替代句柄。相应的文件映射对象会从系统的分页文件中获得一段内存。如果hFile参数的值是INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE,那么你在调用CreateFileMapping时必须给共享内存指定一个大小值。
使用共享内存或文件的进程必须使用MapViewOfFile函数或MapViewOfFileEx函数来创建一个文件视图。
下面我们创建一个名称为"Local\SampleMap"的文件映射对象,并将一个字符串写入到文件映射中。
我们将创建两个程序,一个是服务程序,一个是客户程序。服务程序负责创建文件映射。
服务程序命名为CppFileMappingServer,它的执行过程是
1.创建一个特定大小的文件映射对象,名称为“Local\SampleMap”
2.将这个对象的文件视图映射到进程的地址空间,然后向视图中写入字符串。
接下来执行客户程序CppFileMappingClient,它首先打开这个名称为“Local\SampleMap”的文件映射对象。然后把相同的文件映射视图映射到自己的地址空间中。然后从视图中读取服务进程所写入的数据。
Server完整源码:
[cpp] view plaincopy- #pragma region Includes
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <windows.h>
- #pragma endregion
- #define MAP_PREFIX L"Local\\"
- #define MAP_NAME L"SampleMap"
- #define FULL_MAP_NAME MAP_PREFIX MAP_NAME
- // Max size of the file mapping object.
- #define MAP_SIZE 65536
- // File offset where the view is to begin.
- #define VIEW_OFFSET 0
- // The number of bytes of a file mapping to map to the view. All bytes of the
- // view must be within the maximum size of the file mapping object (MAP_SIZE).
- // If VIEW_SIZE is 0, the mapping extends from the offset (VIEW_OFFSET) to
- // the end of the file mapping.
- #define VIEW_SIZE 1024
- // Unicode string message to be written to the mapped view. Its size in byte
- // must be less than the view size (VIEW_SIZE).
- #define MESSAGE L"Message from the first process."
- int wmain(int argc, wchar_t* argv[])
- {
- HANDLE hMapFile = NULL;
- PVOID pView = NULL;
- // Create the file mapping object.
- hMapFile = CreateFileMapping(
- INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, // Use paging file - shared memory
- NULL, // Default security attributes
- PAGE_READWRITE, // Allow read and write access
- 0, // High-order DWORD of file mapping max size
- MAP_SIZE, // Low-order DWORD of file mapping max size
- FULL_MAP_NAME // Name of the file mapping object
- );
- if (hMapFile == NULL)
- {
- wprintf(L"CreateFileMapping failed w/err 0x%08lx\n", GetLastError());
- goto Cleanup;
- }
- wprintf(L"The file mapping (%s) is created\n", FULL_MAP_NAME);
- // Map a view of the file mapping into the address space of the current
- // process.
- pView = MapViewOfFile(
- hMapFile, // Handle of the map object
- FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, // Read and write access
- 0, // High-order DWORD of the file offset
- VIEW_OFFSET, // Low-order DWORD of the file offset
- VIEW_SIZE // The number of bytes to map to view
- );
- if (pView == NULL)
- {
- wprintf(L"MapViewOfFile failed w/err 0x%08lx\n", GetLastError());
- goto Cleanup;
- }
- wprintf(L"The file view is mapped\n");
- // Prepare a message to be written to the view.
- PWSTR pszMessage = MESSAGE;
- DWORD cbMessage = (wcslen(pszMessage) + 1) * sizeof(*pszMessage);
- // Write the message to the view.
- memcpy_s(pView, VIEW_SIZE, pszMessage, cbMessage);
- wprintf(L"This message is written to the view:\n\"%s\"\n",
- pszMessage);
- // Wait to clean up resources and stop the process.
- wprintf(L"Press ENTER to clean up resources and quit");
- getchar();
- Cleanup:
- if (hMapFile)
- {
- if (pView)
- {
- // Unmap the file view.
- UnmapViewOfFile(pView);
- pView = NULL;
- }
- // Close the file mapping object.
- CloseHandle(hMapFile);
- hMapFile = NULL;
- }
- return 0;
- }
- #pragma region Includes
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <windows.h>
- #pragma endregion
- #define MAP_PREFIX L"Local\\"
- #define MAP_NAME L"SampleMap"
- #define FULL_MAP_NAME MAP_PREFIX MAP_NAME
- // File offset where the view is to begin.
- #define VIEW_OFFSET 0
- // The number of bytes of a file mapping to map to the view. All bytes of the
- // view must be within the maximum size of the file mapping object. If
- // VIEW_SIZE is 0, the mapping extends from the offset (VIEW_OFFSET) to the
- // end of the file mapping.
- #define VIEW_SIZE 1024
- int wmain(int argc, wchar_t* argv[])
- {
- HANDLE hMapFile = NULL;
- PVOID pView = NULL;
- // Try to open the named file mapping identified by the map name.
- hMapFile = OpenFileMapping(
- FILE_MAP_READ, // Read access
- FALSE, // Do not inherit the name
- FULL_MAP_NAME // File mapping name
- );
- if (hMapFile == NULL)
- {
- wprintf(L"OpenFileMapping failed w/err 0x%08lx\n", GetLastError());
- goto Cleanup;
- }
- wprintf(L"The file mapping (%s) is opened\n", FULL_MAP_NAME);
- // Map a view of the file mapping into the address space of the current
- // process.
- pView = MapViewOfFile(
- hMapFile, // Handle of the map object
- FILE_MAP_READ, // Read access
- 0, // High-order DWORD of the file offset
- VIEW_OFFSET, // Low-order DWORD of the file offset
- VIEW_SIZE // The number of bytes to map to view
- );
- if (pView == NULL)
- {
- wprintf(L"MapViewOfFile failed w/err 0x%08lx\n", GetLastError());
- goto Cleanup;
- }
- wprintf(L"The file view is mapped\n");
- // Read and display the content in view.
- wprintf(L"Read from the file mapping:\n\"%s\"\n", (PWSTR)pView);
- // Wait to clean up resources and stop the process.
- wprintf(L"Press ENTER to clean up resources and quit");
- getchar();
- Cleanup:
- if (hMapFile)
- {
- if (pView)
- {
- // Unmap the file view.
- UnmapViewOfFile(pView);
- pView = NULL;
- }
- // Close the file mapping object.
- CloseHandle(hMapFile);
- hMapFile = NULL;
- }
- return 0;
- }
Server
Client