Java学习笔记32(集合框架六:Map接口)

Map接口与Collection不同:

Collection中的集合元素是孤立的,可理解为单身,是一个一个存进去的,称为单列集合

Map中的集合元素是成对存在的,可理解为夫妻,是一对一对存进去的,称为双列集合

Map中存入的是:键值对,键不可以重复,值可以重复

Map接口中的常用集合:

1.HashMap:哈希表的存储结构,但是无法保证存取顺序

2.LinkedHashMap:存储数据采用的是哈希表和链表,可以有顺序

Map接口的常用方法:

示例:

package demo;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map; public class MapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
function1();
function2();
function3();
} public static void function1() {
// 将键值对存储到集合中
Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
map.put("a", 1);
map.put("b", 2);
map.put("c", 3);
map.put("c", 4);
System.out.println(map);
// {b=2, c=4, a=1}
// =连接键值对,存入重复键,则会覆盖
} public static void function2() {
//通过键获取值
Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
map.put(1, "a");
map.put(2, "b");
map.put(3, "c");
String value = map.get(1);
System.out.println(value);//a
//有则返回值,不存在返回null
}
public static void function3(){
//移除集合中的键值对
Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
map.put(1, "a");
map.put(2, "b");
map.put(3, "c");
map.remove(3);
System.out.println(map);
//{1=a, 2=b}
}
}

Map接口的遍历:

第一种方式:

package demo;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set; public class MapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
function1();
function2();
} public static void function1() {
Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
map.put("a", 1);
map.put("b", 2);
map.put("c", 3);
map.put("d", 4);
Set<String> set = map.keySet();
Iterator<String> it = set.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
String key = it.next();
Integer value = map.get(key);
System.out.println(key + "<==>" + value);
}
} public static void function2() {
Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
map.put("a", 1);
map.put("b", 2);
map.put("c", 3);
map.put("d", 4);
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
Integer value = map.get(key);
System.out.println(key + "<==>" + value);
}
}
}
// 遍历输出的无序

第二种方式(根据映射关系):

package demo;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set; public class MapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
map.put(1, "a");
map.put(2, "b");
map.put(3, "c");
Set<Entry<Integer, String>> set = map.entrySet();
Iterator<Entry<Integer, String>> it = set.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
Entry<Integer, String> entry = it.next();
Integer key = entry.getKey();
String value = entry.getValue();
System.out.println(key + "<==>" + value);
}
}
}

存储自定义对象:

package demo;

public class Person {
private String name;
private int age; public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public int getAge() {
return age;
} public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
} public Person(String name, int age) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
} public Person() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
} @Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + age;
result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
return result;
} @Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Person other = (Person) obj;
if (age != other.age)
return false;
if (name == null) {
if (other.name != null)
return false;
} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
return false;
return true;
} }
package demo;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry; //存储自定义类型
public class HashMapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
function1();
function2();
} public static void function1() {
// 自定义类型作为值出现
HashMap<String, Person> map = new HashMap<String, Person>();
map.put("a", new Person("1", 20));
map.put("b", new Person("2", 20));
map.put("c", new Person("3", 20));
// 利用两种遍历
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
Person value = map.get(key);
System.out.println(key + "<==>" + value);
}
for (Entry<String, Person> entry : map.entrySet()) {
String key = entry.getKey();
Person value = entry.getValue();
System.out.println(key + "<==>" + value);
}
} public static void function2() {
// 自定义类型作为键出现
// 保证键的唯一性,需要重写hashcode和equals方法
HashMap<Person, String> map = new HashMap<Person, String>();
map.put(new Person("a", 20), "a");
map.put(new Person("b", 20), "a");
map.put(new Person("c", 20), "a");
map.put(new Person("c", 20), "a");
// 两种遍历
for (Person key : map.keySet()) {
String value = map.get(key);
System.out.println(key + "<==>" + value);
}
for (Entry<Person, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "<==>" + entry.getValue());
}
} }

LinkedHashMap集合:

package demo;

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;

public class LinkedHashMapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedHashMap<String, String> link = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
link.put("1", "a");
link.put("2", "a");
link.put("3", "a");
link.put("4", "a");
System.out.println(link);
//{1=a, 2=a, 3=a, 4=a}
//存取顺序一致
}
}

set接口下还有一个hashtable集合,但是过时了,现在由hashmap取代

不过,要注意一个问题:

HashMap允许存储null值,HashTable不允许存储null值,两种都不允许存储null键

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