''' 超参数处理之网格搜素:获取一个最优超参数的方式可以绘制验证曲线,但是验证曲线只能每次获取一个最优超参数。 如果多个超参数有很多排列组合的话,就可以使用网格搜索寻求最优超参数组合。 针对超参数组合列表中的每一个超参数组合,实例化给定的模型,做cv次交叉验证, 将其中平均f1得分最高的超参数组合作为最佳选择,实例化模型对象。 网格搜索相关API: import sklearn.model_selection as ms model = ms.GridSearchCV(模型, 超参数组合列表, cv=折叠数) model.fit(输入集,输出集) # 模型训练的副产品 # 获取网格搜索每个参数组合 model.cv_results_['params'] # 获取网格搜索每个参数组合所对应的平均测试分值 model.cv_results_['mean_test_score'] # 获取最好的参数 model.best_params_ model.best_score_ model.best_estimator_ 案例:修改置信概率案例,基于网格搜索得到最优超参数。 ''' import numpy as np import sklearn.model_selection as ms import sklearn.svm as svm import sklearn.metrics as sm import matplotlib.pyplot as mp import warnings warnings.filterwarnings('ignore') data = np.loadtxt('./ml_data/multiple2.txt', delimiter=',', unpack=False, dtype='f8') x = data[:, :-1] y = data[:, -1] # 拆分训练集和测试集 train_x, test_x, train_y, test_y = ms.train_test_split(x, y, test_size=0.25, random_state=5) # 训练svm模型 model = svm.SVC(probability=True) # 使用网格搜索,寻求最优超参数的组合 params = [{'kernel': ['linear'], 'C': [1, 10, 100, 1000]}, {'kernel': ['poly'], 'C': [1], 'degree': [2, 3]}, {'kernel': ['rbf'], 'C': [1, 10, 100, 1000], 'gamma': [1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001]}] model = ms.GridSearchCV(model, params, cv=5) model.fit(train_x, train_y) # 获取网格搜索的副产品 print(model.best_params_) print(model.best_score_) print(model.best_estimator_) # print(model.cv_results_['params']) # print(model.cv_results_['mean_test_score']) for p, s in zip(model.cv_results_['params'], model.cv_results_['mean_test_score']): print(p, s) # 自定义一组测试样本,输出样本的置信概率 prob_x = np.array([ [2, 1.5], [8, 9], [4.8, 5.2], [4, 4], [2.5, 7], [7.6, 2], [5.4, 5.9]]) pred_prob_y = model.predict(prob_x) probs = model.predict_proba(prob_x) print('自信概率为:', probs, sep='\n') # 计算模型精度 # bg = sm.classification_report(test_y, pred_test_y) # print('分类报告:', bg, sep='\n') # 绘制分类边界线 l, r = x[:, 0].min() - 1, x[:, 0].max() + 1 b, t = x[:, 1].min() - 1, x[:, 1].max() + 1 n = 500 grid_x, grid_y = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(l, r, n), np.linspace(b, t, n)) bg_x = np.column_stack((grid_x.ravel(), grid_y.ravel())) bg_y = model.predict(bg_x) grid_z = bg_y.reshape(grid_x.shape) # 画图显示样本数据 mp.figure('SVM Classification', facecolor='lightgray') mp.title('SVM Classification', fontsize=16) mp.xlabel('X', fontsize=14) mp.ylabel('Y', fontsize=14) mp.tick_params(labelsize=10) mp.pcolormesh(grid_x, grid_y, grid_z, cmap='gray') mp.scatter(test_x[:, 0], test_x[:, 1], s=80, c=test_y, cmap='jet', label='Samples') mp.scatter(prob_x[:, 0], prob_x[:, 1], c='orange', s=100, label='prob_samples') # 为每一个点添加备注,标注置信概率 for i in range(len(probs)): mp.annotate( '[{:.2f}%,{:.2f}%]'.format(probs[i][0] * 100, probs[i][1] * 100), xy=prob_x[i], xytext=(-10, 30), xycoords='data', textcoords='offset points', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='-|>', connectionstyle='angle3'), fontsize=10, color='red' ) mp.legend() mp.show() 输出结果: {'C': 1, 'gamma': 1, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.96 SVC(C=1, cache_size=200, class_weight=None, coef0=0.0, decision_function_shape='ovr', degree=3, gamma=1, kernel='rbf', max_iter=-1, probability=True, random_state=None, shrinking=True, tol=0.001, verbose=False) {'C': 1, 'kernel': 'linear'} 0.5911111111111111 {'C': 10, 'kernel': 'linear'} 0.5911111111111111 {'C': 100, 'kernel': 'linear'} 0.5911111111111111 {'C': 1000, 'kernel': 'linear'} 0.5911111111111111 {'C': 1, 'degree': 2, 'kernel': 'poly'} 0.8844444444444445 {'C': 1, 'degree': 3, 'kernel': 'poly'} 0.8844444444444445 {'C': 1, 'gamma': 1, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.96 {'C': 1, 'gamma': 0.1, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.9511111111111111 {'C': 1, 'gamma': 0.01, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.8311111111111111 {'C': 1, 'gamma': 0.001, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.5333333333333333 {'C': 10, 'gamma': 1, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.96 {'C': 10, 'gamma': 0.1, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.96 {'C': 10, 'gamma': 0.01, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.92 {'C': 10, 'gamma': 0.001, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.5244444444444445 {'C': 100, 'gamma': 1, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.96 {'C': 100, 'gamma': 0.1, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.9555555555555556 {'C': 100, 'gamma': 0.01, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.9466666666666667 {'C': 100, 'gamma': 0.001, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.7911111111111111 {'C': 1000, 'gamma': 1, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.9422222222222222 {'C': 1000, 'gamma': 0.1, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.9511111111111111 {'C': 1000, 'gamma': 0.01, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.9555555555555556 {'C': 1000, 'gamma': 0.001, 'kernel': 'rbf'} 0.92 自信概率为: [[0.06104614 0.93895386] [0.15280796 0.84719204] [0.9755112 0.0244888 ] [0.69994491 0.30005509] [0.09332921 0.90667079] [0.0419714 0.9580286 ] [0.95981725 0.04018275]]