Django session cookie 上传文件、详解

2023-01-04 15:22:21

session 在这里先说session

配置URL

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

from django.contrib import admin

admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',

    # Examples:

    # url(r'^$', 'csvt11.views.home', name='home'),

    # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),

    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),

    url(r'^login/$', 'online.views.login'),

    url(r'^index/$', 'online.views.index'),

    url(r'^logout/$', 'online.views.logout'),

)

　　

创建视图

views.py

#coding=utf-8

from django.shortcuts import render

from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response

from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect

from django import forms

class UserForm(forms.Form):  ##form验证

    username = forms.CharField()

#用户登录

def login(req):

    if req.method == "POST":

        uf = UserForm(req.POST)

        if uf.is_valid():

            username = uf.cleaned_data['username']

            #把获取表单的用户名传递给session对象

            req.session['username'] = username

            return HttpResponseRedirect('/index/')

    else:

        uf = UserForm()

    return render_to_response('login.html',{'uf':uf})

#登录之后跳转页

def index(req):

    username = req.session.get('username','anybody')

    return render_to_response('index.html',{'username':username})

#注销动作

def logout(req):

    del req.session['username']  #删除session

    return HttpResponse('logout ok!')

这里用到的就是session创建和删除，代码中有注释。视图是动能实现的核心逻辑，这里调用到了session的相关方法，非常简单，需要说明的是session 是字典的形式存在的，比如一个sessionid 对应一个信息（比如，用户名，密码，添加到购物车的商品等。）

创建模板

login.html

<form method = 'post'>

    {{uf.as_p}}

    <input type="submit" value = "ok"/>

</form>

　　

index.html

<div>

   <h1>welcome {{username}}</h1>

   <a href="/logout">logout</a>

</div>

这里没有判断用户密码是否正常的逻辑，所以，输入任意信息都可登录。

Django session cookie 上传文件、详解

看查，session 是用户登录的用户名保存服务器端的数据库中，而客户端（浏览器）产生的只是一个session id ，程序通过读取客户端的session id 来查找对应的用户名，并返回给客户端，从而在客户端的信息。在数据库中并没有看到刚才登录的用户名（Tom），标红色下划线的就是，只是对其进行了加密，所以会看到一串很长的大小写字符串。

在index 页面，点击“logout” 退出后，就删除了客户端的session id 信息，所以，再访问index 页面，就是会看到“weclome anybody”的提示。

cookie

===================

创建项目与应用                                                                                     

#创建项目

fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ django-admin.py startproject mysite5

fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ cd mysite5

#在项目下创建一个online应用

fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite5$ python manage.py startapp online

目录结构如下：

Django session cookie 上传文件、详解

打开mysite5/mysite5/settings.py文件，将应用添加进去：

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'online',

)

设计数据库                                                                                              

打开mysite5/online/models.py文件，添加如下内容:

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class User(models.Model):

    username = models.CharField(max_length=50)

    password = models.CharField(max_length=50)

    def __unicode__(self):

        return self.username

创建数据库，创建User表，用户名和密码两个字段。

下面进行数据库的同步：

fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite5$ python manage.py syncdb

Creating tables ...

Creating table django_admin_log

Creating table auth_permission

Creating table auth_group_permissions

Creating table auth_group

Creating table auth_user_groups

Creating table auth_user_user_permissions

Creating table auth_user

Creating table django_content_type

Creating table django_session

Creating table online_user

You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.

Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes   输入yes/no

Username (leave blank to use 'fnngj'):     用户名（默认当前系统用户名）

Email address: fnngj@126.com     邮箱地址

Password:    密码

Password (again):    确认密码

Superuser created successfully.

Installing custom SQL ...

Installing indexes ...

Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)

最后生成的 online_user 表就是我们models.py 中所创建的User类。

配置URL                                                                                                  

打开mysite5/mysite5/urls.py：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

from django.contrib import admin

admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',

    # Examples:

    # url(r'^$', 'mysite5.views.home', name='home'),

    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),

    url(r'^online/', include('online.urls')),

)

在mysite5/online/目录下创建urls.py文件：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

from online import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',

    url(r'^$', views.login, name='login'),

    url(r'^login/$',views.login,name = 'login'),

    url(r'^regist/$',views.regist,name = 'regist'),

    url(r'^index/$',views.index,name = 'index'),

    url(r'^logout/$',views.logout,name = 'logout'),

)

创建视图                                                                                                  

打开mysite5/online/views.py 文件：

#coding=utf-8

from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response

from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect

from django.template import RequestContext

from django import forms

from models import User

#表单

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    username = forms.CharField(label='用户名',max_length=100)

    password = forms.CharField(label='密码',widget=forms.PasswordInput())

#注册

def regist(req):

    if req.method == 'POST':

        uf = UserForm(req.POST)

        if uf.is_valid():

            #获得表单数据

            username = uf.cleaned_data['username']

            password = uf.cleaned_data['password']

            #添加到数据库

            User.objects.create(username= username,password=password)

            return HttpResponse('regist success!!')

    else:

        uf = UserForm()

    return render_to_response('regist.html',{'uf':uf}, context_instance=RequestContext(req))

#登陆

def login(req):

    if req.method == 'POST':

        uf = UserForm(req.POST)

        if uf.is_valid():

            #获取表单用户密码

            username = uf.cleaned_data['username']

            password = uf.cleaned_data['password']

            #获取的表单数据与数据库进行比较

            user = User.objects.filter(username__exact = username,password__exact = password)

            if user:

                #比较成功，跳转index

                response = HttpResponseRedirect('/online/index/')

                #将username写入浏览器cookie,失效时间为3600

                response.set_cookie('username',username,3600)

                return response

            else:

                #比较失败，还在login

                return HttpResponseRedirect('/online/login/')

    else:

        uf = UserForm()

    return render_to_response('login.html',{'uf':uf},context_instance=RequestContext(req))

#登陆成功

def index(req):

    username = req.COOKIES.get('username','')

    return render_to_response('index.html' ,{'username':username})

#退出

def logout(req):

    response = HttpResponse('logout !!')

    #清理cookie里保存username

    response.delete_cookie('username')

    return response

这里实现了所有注册，登陆逻辑，中间用到cookie创建，读取，删除操作等。

创建模板                                                                                                  

先在mysite5/online/目录下创建templates目录，接着在mysite5/online/templates/目录下创建regist.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">

<head>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />

    <title>注册</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>注册页面：</h1>

<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data">

    {% csrf_token %}

    {{uf.as_p}}

    <input type="submit" value = "ok" />

</form>

<br>

<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/login/">登陆</a>

</body>

</html>

mysite5/online/templates/目录下创建login.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">

<head>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />

    <title>登陆</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>登陆页面：</h1>

<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data">

    {% csrf_token %}

    {{uf.as_p}}

    <input type="submit" value = "ok" />

</form>

<br>

<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/regist/">注册</a>

</body>

</html>

mysite5/online/templates/目录下创建index.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">

<head>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />

    <title></title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>welcome {{username}} !</h1>

<br>

<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/logout/">退出</a>

</body>

</html>

设置模板路径

打开mysite5/mysite5/settings.py文件，在底部添加：

#template

TEMPLATE_DIRS=(

    '/home/fnngj/djpy/mysite5/online/templates'

)

使用功能                                                                                                  

注册

先注册用户：

Django session cookie 上传文件、详解

注册成功，提示“regist success!!”

登陆

执行登陆操作，通过读取浏览器cookie 来获取用户名

Django session cookie 上传文件、详解

查看cookie

Django session cookie 上传文件、详解

登陆成功

Django session cookie 上传文件、详解

Django form上传文件

目录结构

Django session cookie 上传文件、详解

urls.py

from app1 import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url(r'^index/',views.register)

]

models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class User(models.Model):

    username =models.CharField(max_length=30)

    heading =models.FileField(upload_to='./upload')

    def __str__(self):

        return self.username

        # python manage.py makemigrations

        # 　　python manage.py migrate

　　

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render, render_to_response

# Create your views here.

from app1 import models

from django import forms

from django.http import HttpResponse

class UserForm(forms.Form):  ##form验证

    username = forms.CharField()

    heading = forms.FileField()

def register(request):

    if request.method == 'POST':

        uf = UserForm(request.POST, request.FILES)

        if uf.is_valid():

            #获取表信息

            username = uf.cleaned_data['username']

            headimg = uf.cleaned_data['heading']

            user = models.User()

            #写入数据库

            user.username = username

            user.heading = headimg

            user.save()

            return HttpResponse('upload ok!')

    else:

        uf = UserForm()  ##

    return render_to_response('register.html', {'uf': uf})

　　

register.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

        <h1>register</h1>

<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

    {{ uf.as_p }}     #as_p 拿出所有数据，内部渲染P标签

    <input type="submit" value="ok">

</form>

</body>

</html>

　　

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