django生产环境中部署

本节内容

uwsgi 介绍

uwsgi安装使用

nginx安装配置

django with nginx

如何在生产上部署Django?

Django的部署可以有很多方式,采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常见的一种方式。

uwsgi介绍

uWSGI是一个Web服务器,它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。

要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 这三个概念的区分。

  1. WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器(如nginx,uWSGI等服务器)与web应用(如用Flask框架写的程序)通信的一种规范。
  2. uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议,在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。
  3. 而uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。
  4. uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议,它用于定义传输信息的类型(type of information),每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述,它与WSGI相比是两样东西。

uwsgi性能非常高

django生产环境中部署

uWSGI的主要特点如下

  1. 超快的性能
  2. 低内存占用(实测为apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右)
  3. 多app管理(终于不用冥思苦想下个app用哪个端口比较好了-.-)
  4. 详尽的日志功能(可以用来分析app性能和瓶颈)
  5. 高度可定制(内存大小限制,服务一定次数后重启等)

总而言之uwgi是个部署用的好东东,正如uWSGI作者所吹嘘的:

If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.

Uwsgi 安装使用

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# Install the latest stable release:
pip install uwsgi
# ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release,
pip install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz

基本测试

Create a file called test.py:

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# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return [b"Hello World"# python3
    #return ["Hello World"] # python2

运行

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uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

用uwsgi 启动django

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uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi

  

可以把参数写到配置文件里

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alex@alex-ubuntu:~/uwsgi-test$ more crazye-uwsgi.ini
 
 
[uwsgi]
http = :9000
#the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx
socket = 127.0.0.1:8001
# the base directory (full path)
chdir = /home/alex/CrazyEye
# Django's wsgi file
wsgi-file = CrazyEye/wsgi.py
# maximum number of worker processes
processes = 4
#thread numbers startched in each worker process
threads = 2
 
#monitor uwsgi status
stats = 127.0.0.1:9191
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true

启动

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/usr/local/bin/uwsgi crazye-uwsgi.ini

  

Nginx安装使用  

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sudo apt-get install nginx
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start    # start nginx

为你的项目生成Nginx配置文件

You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params

Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.

Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:

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# mysite_nginx.conf
 
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server 127.0.0.1:8001# for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}
 
# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      8000;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;
 
    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste
 
    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }
 
    location /static {
        alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }
 
    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.

Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:

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sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

Deploying static files

Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:

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STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")

and then run

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python manage.py collectstatic

  

此时启动Nginx 和Uwsgi,你的django项目就可以实现高并发啦!

  

  

 

  

  

  

  

 

  

 

 
posted @ 2017-03-12 16:51 金角大王 阅读(11438) 评论(1) 编辑 收藏
 
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#1楼 2017-05-17 11:36 jwh 

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/") 里面的目录存在,会报错
 
 
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django生产环境中部署
django生产环境中部署
 

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