第12章 使用Samba或NFS实现文件共享

12.1 SAMBA文件共享服务

[root@linuxprobe ~ ]# yum install samba

[root@linuxprobe ~]# cat /etc/samba/smb.conf 

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mv /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak
[root@linuxprobe ~]# cat /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak | grep -v "#" | grep -v ";" | grep -v "^$" > /etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@linuxprobe ~]# cat /etc/samba/smb.conf

表12-1 Samba服务程序中的参数以及作用

[global]		#全局参数。
	workgroup = MYGROUP	#工作组名称
	server string = Samba Server Version %v	#服务器介绍信息，参数%v为显示SMB版本号
	log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m	#定义日志文件的存放位置与名称，参数%m为来访的主机名
	max log size = 50	#定义日志文件的最大容量为50KB
	security = user	#安全验证的方式，总共有4种
	#share：来访主机无需验证口令；比较方便，但安全性很差
	#user：需验证来访主机提供的口令后才可以访问；提升了安全性
	#server：使用独立的远程主机验证来访主机提供的口令（集中管理账户）
	#domain：使用域控制器进行身份验证
	passdb backend = tdbsam	#定义用户后台的类型，共有3种
	#smbpasswd：使用smbpasswd命令为系统用户设置Samba服务程序的密码
	#tdbsam：创建数据库文件并使用pdbedit命令建立Samba服务程序的用户
	#ldapsam：基于LDAP服务进行账户验证
	load printers = yes	#设置在Samba服务启动时是否共享打印机设备
	cups options = raw	#打印机的选项
[homes]		#共享参数
	comment = Home Directories	#描述信息
	browseable = no	#指定共享信息是否在“网上邻居”中可见
	writable = yes	#定义是否可以执行写入操作，与“read only”相反
[printers]		#打印机共享参数
	comment = All Printers
	path = /var/spool/samba	#共享文件的实际路径(重要)。
	browseable = no
	guest ok = no	#是否所有人可见，等同于"public"参数。
	writable = no
	printable = yes

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mv /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak
[root@linuxprobe ~]# cat /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak | grep -v "#" | grep -v ";" | grep -v "^$" > /etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@linuxprobe ~]# cat /etc/samba/smb.conf

12.1.1 配置共享资源

表12-2 用于设置Samba服务程序的参数以及作用

参数	作用
[database]	共享名称为database
comment = Do not arbitrarily modify the database file	警告用户不要随意修改数据库
path = /home/database	共享目录为/home/database
public = no	关闭“所有人可见”
writable = yes	允许写入操作

[root@linuxprobe ~]# id linuxprobe
uid=1000(linuxprobe) gid=1000(linuxprobe) groups=1000(linuxprobe)
[root@linuxprobe ~]# pdbedit -a -u linuxprobe
new password:此处输入该账户在Samba服务数据库中的密码
retype new password:再次输入密码进行确认
Unix username: linuxprobe
NT username: 
Account Flags: [U ]
User SID: S-1-5-21-507407404-3243012849-3065158664-1000
Primary Group SID: S-1-5-21-507407404-3243012849-3065158664-513
Full Name: linuxprobe
Home Directory: \\localhost\linuxprobe
HomeDir Drive: 
Logon Script: 
Profile Path: \\localhost\linuxprobe\profile
Domain: LOCALHOST
Account desc: 
Workstations: 
Munged dial: 
Logon time: 0
Logoff time: Wed, 06 Feb 2036 10:06:39 EST
Kickoff time: Wed, 06 Feb 2036 10:06:39 EST
Password last set: Mon, 13 Mar 2017 04:22:25 EDT
Password can change: Mon, 13 Mar 2017 04:22:25 EDT
Password must change: never
Last bad password : 0
Bad password count : 0
Logon hours : FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir /home/database
[root@linuxprobe ~]# chown -Rf linuxprobe:linuxprobe /home/database
[root@linuxprobe ~]# semanage fcontext -a -t samba_share_t /home/database
[root@linuxprobe ~]# restorecon -Rv /home/database
restorecon reset /home/database context unconfined_u:object_r:home_root_t:s0->unconfined_u:object_r:samba_share_t:s0

[root@linuxprobe ~]# getsebool -a | grep samba
samba_create_home_dirs --> off
samba_domain_controller --> off
samba_enable_home_dirs --> off
samba_export_all_ro --> off
samba_export_all_rw --> off
samba_portmapper --> off
samba_run_unconfined --> off
samba_share_fusefs --> off
samba_share_nfs --> off
sanlock_use_samba --> off
use_samba_home_dirs --> off
virt_sandbox_use_samba --> off
virt_use_samba --> off
[root@linuxprobe ~]# setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf 
[global]
 workgroup = MYGROUP
 server string = Samba Server Version %v
 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
 max log size = 50
 security = user
 passdb backend = tdbsam
 load printers = yes
 cups options = raw
[database]
 comment = Do not arbitrarily modify the database file
 path = /home/database
 public = no
 writable = yes

[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl restart smb
[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl enable smb
 ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/smb.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/smb.service'
[root@linuxprobe ~]# iptables -F
[root@linuxprobe ~]# service iptables save
iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:[ OK ]

12.1.3 Linux挂载共享

[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum install cifs-utils

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim auth.smb
username=linuxprobe
password=redhat
domain=MYGROUP
[root@linuxprobe ~]# chmod -Rf 600 auth.smb

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir /database
[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed May 4 19:26:23 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 1 1
UUID=812b1f7c-8b5b-43da-8c06-b9999e0fe48b /boot xfs defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0 
//192.168.10.10/database /database cifs credentials=/root/auth.smb 0 0
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mount -a

[root@linuxprobe ~]# cat /database/Memo.txt
i can edit it .

12.2 NFS网络文件系统

[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum install nfs-utils

[root@linuxprobe ~]# iptables -F
[root@linuxprobe ~]# service iptables save
iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:[ OK ]

[root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir /nfsfile
[root@linuxprobe ~]# chmod -Rf 777 /nfsfile
[root@linuxprobe ~]# echo "welcome to linuxprobe.com" > /nfsfile/readme

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/exports
/nfsfile 192.168.10.*(rw,sync,root_squash)

[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl restart rpcbind
[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl enable rpcbind
[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl start nfs-server
[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl enable nfs-server
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service' '/etc/systemd/system/nfs.target.wants/nfs-server.service'

[root@linuxprobe ~]# showmount -e 192.168.10.10
Export list for 192.168.10.10:
/nfsfile 192.168.10.*

[root@linuxprobe ~]# cat /nfsfile/readme
welcome to linuxprobe.com
[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/fstab 
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed May 4 19:26:23 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 1 1
UUID=812b1f7c-8b5b-43da-8c06-b9999e0fe48b /boot xfs defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0 
192.168.10.10:/nfsfile /nfsfile nfs defaults 0 0

12.3 AutoFs自动挂载服务

[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum install autofs

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/auto.master
#
# Sample auto.master file
# This is an automounter map and it has the following format
# key [ -mount-options-separated-by-comma ] location
# For details of the format look at autofs(5).
#
/media /etc/iso.misc
/misc /etc/auto.misc
#
# NOTE: mounts done from a hosts map will be mounted with the
# "nosuid" and "nodev" options unless the "suid" and "dev"
# options are explicitly given.
#
/net -hosts
#
# Include /etc/auto.master.d/*.autofs
#
+dir:/etc/auto.master.d
#
# Include central master map if it can be found using
# nsswitch sources.
#
# Note that if there are entries for /net or /misc (as
# above) in the included master map any keys that are the
# same will not be seen as the first read key seen takes
# precedence.
#
+auto.master

[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/iso.misc
iso   -fstype=iso9660,ro,nosuid,nodev :/dev/cdrom
[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl start autofs 
[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl enable autofs 
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/autofs.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/autofs.service'

[root@linuxprobe ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 3.0G 15G 17% /
devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev
tmpfs 914M 140K 914M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 914M 8.9M 905M 1% /run
tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
[root@linuxprobe ~]# cd /media
[root@linuxprobe media]# ls
[root@linuxprobe media]# cd iso
[root@linuxprobe iso]# ls -l
total 812
dr-xr-xr-x. 4 root root 2048 May 7 2017 addons
dr-xr-xr-x. 3 root root 2048 May 7 2017 EFI
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 8266 Apr 4 2017 EULA
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 18092 Mar 6 2012 GPL
dr-xr-xr-x. 3 root root 2048 May 7 2017 images
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 2048 May 7 2017 isolinux
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 2048 May 7 2017 LiveOS
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 108 May 7 2017 media.repo
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 774144 May 7 2017 Packages
dr-xr-xr-x. 24 root root 6144 May 7 2017 release-notes
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 7 2017 repodata
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 3375 Apr 1 2017 RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 3211 Apr 1 2017 RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 1568 May 7 2017 TRANS.TBL
[root@linuxprobe ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 3.0G 15G 17% /
devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev
tmpfs 914M 140K 914M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 914M 8.9M 905M 1% /run
tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/cdrom 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media/iso
/dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot