from pathlib import Path

#在windows下的Pycharm中运行

p = Path()

print(type(p))    #<class 'pathlib.WindowsPath'>

p = p / 'a'

print(p)               #a

p1 = 'b' / p

print(p1)              #b\a

p2 = Path('c')

p3 = p2 / p1

print(p3)              #c\b\a

print(p3.parts)        #('c', 'b', 'a')

print(p3.joinpath('etc','init.d',Path('httpd')))    #c\b\a\etc\init.d\httpd

p = Path('/etc')

print(str(p),bytes(p))

p = Path('/a/b/c/d')

print(p.parent.parent)

for x in p.parents:

    print(x)

#四个属性，两个方法

p = Path('E:\learnshare\ArticleSpider\e.xex.txt')

print(p.name)    #e.xex.txt

print(p.stem)　　 #e.xex

print(p.suffix)　 #.txt

print(p.suffixes) #['.xex','.txt']

print(p.with_name('c.y'))#E:\learnshare\ArticleSpider\c.y

print(p.with_suffix('.xxyy'))#E:\learnshare\ArticleSpider\e.xex.xxyy

调用iterdir()方法后返回一个生成器对象 

from pathlib import Path

print(1,list(Path().glob('test*')))#返回当前目录对象下的test开头的文件

print(2,list(Path().glob('*/test*')))#返回当前目录的下一级目录以test开头的文件

print(3,list(Path().glob('**/test*')))#递归当前目录以及其下所有目录，返回以test开头的文件

print(4,list(Path().rglob('test*')))#同上一样

fd表示文件描述符

import shutil

with open('test1.txt','r+') as f1:

    f1.write('abcd\n1234')

    f1.flush()

    with open('test2.txt','w+')as f2:

        shutil.copyfileobj(f1,f2)

#注意：由于指针的缘故，可参见源码如下。上述代码中abcd\n1234内容确实会写入到test1.txt，但是并没有复制到test2.txt中。

#copyfileobj源码

def copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=16*1024):

    """copy data from file-like object fsrc to file-like object fdst"""

    while 1:

        buf = fsrc.read(length)

        if not buf:

            break

        fdst.write(buf)

#copytree源码，这里主要了解一下ignore函数的使用技巧，过滤掉不需要拷贝的！

def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None, copy_function=copy2,

    names = os.listdir(src)

    if ignore is not None:
ignored_names = ignore(src, names)
else:

        ignored_names = set()

    os.makedirs(dst)

    errors = []
for name in names:

        if name in ignored_names:

            continue

        srcname = os.path.join(src, name)

        dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)

　　　　　...return dst

def fn(src,file_names):

    filter(lambda x:x.startwith('t'),file_names)

#上面的语句等同于下面的语句

fn = lambda src,names:filter(lambda x:x.startwith('t').file_names)

#filter(function, iterable)

#注意: Pyhton2.7 返回列表，Python3.x 返回迭代器对象

#假设D:/temp下有a,b目录

def ignore(src,names):

    ig = filter(lambda x:x.startwith('a'),names) #忽略a

    return set(ig)

shutil.copytree('o:/temp','o:/tt/o',ignore=ignore)

shutil.rmtree('D:/tmp')    #类似rm  -rf

#在同一盘符下，其实质上就是rename，跨盘符的话才是真正的移动

os.rename('D:/temp/x.txt','D:/t.txt')

os.rename('test3','/tmp/py/test')

shutil对压缩包的处理是调用ZipFile和ZipFile两个模块来处理的

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/zjltt/p/6957663.html

from pathlib import Path

p = Path('F:\\百度网盘下载资料\\Python全栈开发\\python进阶1\\19Python的文件IO（三）(6)\\test.csv')

parent = p.parent

if not parent.exists():

    parent.mkdir(parents=True)

csv_body = '''\

id,name,age,comment

1,zs,18,"I'm 18"

2,ls,20,"This is a testing"

3,ww,232,"中

国"

'''

p.write_text(csv_body)

from pathlib import Path

import csv

p = Path('F:\\test.csv')

with open(str(p)) as f:

    reader = csv.reader(f)

    print(next(reader))

row = [4,'cty',22,'tom']

rows = [

    (1,'',3,''),

    (11,'',22,"\"123123")

]

with open(str(p),'a+') as f:

    writer = csv.writer(f)

    writer.writerow(row)

    writer.writerows(rows)

中括号里面的部分称为section。

每一个section内，都是key=value形成的键值对，key称为option选项。

from configparser import ConfigParser

cfg = ConfigParser()

cfg.read('mysql.ini')

print(cfg.sections())

print(cfg.has_section('deploy'))

print(cfg.items('deploy'))

for k,v in cfg.items('deploy'):

    print(k,type(v))

tmp = cfg.get('deploy','a')

print(tmp,type(tmp))

print(cfg.get('deploy','a',fallback='python'))

print(cfg.getint('mysql','aa'))

if cfg.has_section('mysql'):

    cfg.remove_section('mysql')

cfg.add_section('cy')

cfg.set('cy','ly','')

cfg.set('cy','ggz','')

# 上面的删除和新增功能需要重新写入文件才会生效

with open('mysql.ini','w') as f:

    cfg.write(f)

print(cfg.getint('cy','ggz'))

print(cfg.remove_option('cy','ly'))

with open('mysql.ini','w') as f:

    cfg.write(f)

注意：配置文件一般加载后常驻于内存中，且读取操作远远多于写入操作。