Tomcat+Nginx+Memcached综合案例
说明
通过Nginx
解析静态页面并将动态负载均衡调度给后面的多个Tomcat
,Tomcat
解析java
动态程序。
由于http是无状态的协议,你访问了页面A,然后在访问B,http无法确定这2个访问来自一个人,因此要用cookie或session来跟踪用户,根据授权和用户身份来显示不同的页面。比如用户A登陆了,那么能看到自己的个人信息,而B没登陆,无法看到个人信息。还有A可能在购物,把商品放入购物车,此时B也有这个过程,你无法确定A,B的身份和购物信息,所以需要一个session ID来维持这个过程。所以就用到了session管理。
环境规划
主机 | hostname | 环境 |
---|---|---|
192.168.1.31 | nginx.cluster.com | nginx(yum安装) |
192.168.1.32 | tomcat1.cluster.com | tomcat-9.0 |
192.168.1.33 | tomcat2.cluster.com | tomcat-9.0 |
192.168.1.34 | memcached.cluster.com | memcached(yum安装) |
关闭防火墙,selinux;时间同步;host绑定等基本配置 (步骤略)
具体步骤
本案例所使用的tomcat
、jdk
、和tomcat-session
相关的jar包下载地址
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ESm_RSrFx77kWObmCt1DQw
提取码:f64n
memcached部署
说明:memcached这里不需要配置太多,安装即可,然后检查端口是否处于监听中。tomcat服务器能成功连接即可
[root@memcached ~]# yum -y install memcached [root@memcached ~]# systemctl enable memcached [root@memcached ~]# systemctl start memcached [root@memcached ~]# lsof -i:11211 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME memcached 4419 memcached 26u IPv4 51021 0t0 TCP *:memcache (LISTEN) memcached 4419 memcached 27u IPv6 51022 0t0 TCP *:memcache (LISTEN) memcached 4419 memcached 28u IPv4 51025 0t0 UDP *:memcache memcached 4419 memcached 29u IPv6 51026 0t0 UDP *:memcache
nginx部署
1)安装nginx
[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install nginx [root@nginx ~]# nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
2)配置文件配置
# 创建一个虚拟主机 [root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/www.conf upstream tomcat { server 192.168.1.32:8080 weight=1; server 192.168.1.33:8080 weight=1; } server { listen 88 default_server; server_name localhost; root /opt/project; #已jsp结尾的动态程序调度给tomcat去处理 location ~.*\.jsp$ { proxy_pass http://tomcat; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /40x.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { } } # 创建测试文件 [root@nginx ~]# mkdir /opt/project [root@nginx ~]# echo "<h1>Nginx IP:192.168.1.31</h1>" >> /opt/project/index.html
tomcat部署
详细安装参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/yanjieli/p/11092350.html
两台tomcat服务器都要执行下面的所有操作,也可以在一台上面执行,然后copy过去。
1)上传软件包到服务器,编写一个临时使用的安装脚本
[root@tomcat1 ~]# cat install_tomcat.sh #!/bin/bash #----安装java环境 function InstallJava (){ tar xf jdk-8u211-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_211 /usr/local/java sed -i.ori '$a export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java \nexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH \nexport CLASSPATH=.$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar' /etc/profile source /etc/profile java -version } #----安装tomcat环境 function InstallTomcat (){ tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.21.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ ln -s /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.21 /usr/local/tomcat echo "export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat" >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile } InstallJava InstallTomcat /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
2)执行脚本
[root@tomcat1 ~]# bash install_tomcat.sh java version "1.8.0_211" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_211-b12) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.211-b12, mixed mode) Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/java Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Tomcat started. [root@tomcat1 ~]# ss -nltp |grep :80 LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* users:(("java",pid=2993,fd=54)) LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* users:(("java",pid=2993,fd=74)) LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::* users:(("java",pid=2993,fd=59))
3)下载memcached-session-manager
等相关软件包并copy
到tomcat
安装目录的lib
目录中
[root@tomcat1 ~]# mkdir tools && cd tools [root@tomcat1 ~]# wget http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/msm/memcached-session-manager/2.3.0/memcached-session-manager-2.3.0.jar [root@tomcat1 ~]# wget http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/msm/memcached-session-manager-tc9/2.3.0/memcached-session-manager-tc9-2.3.0.jar [root@tomcat1 ~]# wget http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/msm/msm-kryo-serializer/2.3.0/msm-kryo-serializer-2.3.0.jar [root@tomcat1 ~]# wget http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/net/spy/spymemcached/2.12.2/spymemcached-2.12.2.jar [root@tomcat1 ~]# wget https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/kryo-serializers/0.42/kryo-serializers-0.42.jar [root@tomcat1 ~]# wget https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/esotericsoftware/reflectasm/1.11.0/reflectasm-1.11.0.jar [root@tomcat1 ~]# wget https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/esotericsoftware/minlog/1.3.0/minlog-1.3.0.jar [root@tomcat1 ~]# wget https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/esotericsoftware/kryo/4.0.0/kryo-4.0.0.jar [root@tomcat1 ~]# wget https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/ow2/asm/asm/7.0/asm-7.0.jar [root@tomcat1 ~]# wget http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/objenesis/objenesis/3.0.1/objenesis-3.0.1.jar [root@tomcat1 tools]# cp ./* /usr/local/tomcat/lib/
4)编辑配置文件,添加连接memcached
# No-Stick模式 [root@tomcat1 ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/context.xml # 在<Context>和</Context>里面加上下面一段 <!-- 这里的ip为memcached服务器的IP,如果有多个memcached服务器,用逗号隔开 --> <Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager" memcachedNodes="n1:192.168.1.34:11211" lockingMode="auto" sticky="false" requestUriIgnorePattern= ".*\.(png|gif|jpg|css|js)$" sessionBackupAsync= "false" sessionBackupTimeout= "100" copyCollectionsForSerialization="true" transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.kryo.KryoTranscoderFactory" />
5)准备测试文件
[root@tomcat1 ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/* [root@tomcat1 ~]# mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT [root@tomcat1 ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp SessionID:<%=session.getId()%> <BR> SessionIP:<%=request.getServerName()%> <BR> SessionPort:<%=request.getServerPort()%>
6)重启tomcat
[root@tomcat1 ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh [root@tomcat1 ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh [root@tomcat1 ~]# lsof -i:8080 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME java 4672 root 63u IPv6 52084 0t0 TCP *:webcache (LISTEN)
7)测试
访问tomcat1:
访问tomcat2:
访问nginx默认页面:
访问jsp动态程序:
通过上面的访问可以看出,访问静态页面时nginx自身处理,当访问jsp动态的时候会调度给tomcat去处理。并且当一个浏览器访问后,便会一直访问这一个,so,这样就达到了session会话保持。
补充
memcached-session-manager 参数说明:
memcachedNodes 必选项,memcached的节点信息,多个memcached节点,中间需要使用空格 failoverNodes="n2" 表示当前session保持到n1的memcached节点上 failoverNodes 可选项,不能使用在non-sticky sessions模式。故障转移配置节点,多个使用空格或逗号分开,配置某个节点为备份节点, 当其他节点都不可用时才会存储到备份节点,官方建议配置为和tomcat同服务器的节点。 理由如下: 假如有两台服务器m1,m2,其中m1部署tomcat和memcached节点n1,m2部署memcached节点n2。 如果配置tomcat的failoverNodes值为n2或者不配置,则当服务器m1挂掉后n1和tomcat中保存的session会丢失,而n2中未保存或者只保存了部分session, 这就造成 部分用户状态丢失。 如果配置tomcat的failoverNodes值为n1,则当m1挂掉后因为n2中保存了所有的session,所以重启tomcat的时候用户状态不会丢失。 为什么n2中保存了所有的session? 因为failoverNodes配置的值是n1,只有当n2节点不可用时才会把session存储到n1,所以这个时候n1中是没有保存任何session的。 lockingMode 可选值,默认none,只对non-sticky有效。 requestUriIgnorePattern 可选值,制定忽略那些请求的session操作,一般制定静态资源如css,js一类的。 sessionBackupAsync 可选值,默认true,是否异步的方式存储到memcached。 sessionBackupTimeout 可选项,默认100毫秒,异步存储session的超时时间。
相关软件包jar包下载:
memcached-session-manager 下载地址:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/msm/ http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/msm/memcached-session-manager/2.3.0/memcached-session-manager-2.3.0.jar http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/msm/memcached-session-manager-tc9/2.3.0/memcached-session-manager-tc9-2.3.0.jar msm-kryo-serializer 下载地址:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/msm/msm-kryo-serializer/ http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/msm/msm-kryo-serializer/2.3.0/msm-kryo-serializer-2.3.0.jar spymemcached 下载地址:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/net/spy/spymemcached/ http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/net/spy/spymemcached/2.12.2/spymemcached-2.12.2.jar serializers 下载地址:https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/kryo-serializers/ https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/kryo-serializers/0.42/kryo-serializers-0.42.jar reflectasm 下载地址:https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/esotericsoftware/reflectasm https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/esotericsoftware/reflectasm/1.11.0/reflectasm-1.11.0.jar minlog 下载地址:https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/esotericsoftware/minlog https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/esotericsoftware/minlog/1.3.0/minlog-1.3.0.jar kryo 下载地址:https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/esotericsoftware/kryo https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/esotericsoftware/kryo/4.0.0/kryo-4.0.0.jar asm 下载地址:https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/ow2/asm/asm/ https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/ow2/asm/asm/7.0/asm-7.0.jar objenesis 下载地址:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/objenesis/objenesis/ http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/objenesis/objenesis/3.0.1/objenesis-3.0.1.jar