YAML语言
YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。
它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言，语法比XML简单很多。
YAML的基本规则：
- 使用缩进来表示层级关系，每层2个空格，禁止使用TAB键
- 当冒号不是处于最后时，冒号后面必须有一个空格
- 用 - 表示列表，-
- 的后面必须有一个空格 用 # 表示注释
YAML配置文件要放到SaltStack让我们放的位置，可以在SaltStack的 Master 配置文件中查找file_roots即可看到
[root@master salt]# vim master
#file_roots:
# base:
# - /srv/salt
#
file_roots:
base:
- /srv/salt/base
test:
- /srv/salt/test
dev:
- /srv/salt/dev
prod:
- /srv/salt/prod
[root@master salt]# ls /srv/
[root@master salt]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}
[root@master salt]# tree /srv/
/srv/
`-- salt
|-- base
|-- dev
|-- prod
`-- test
5 directories, 0 files
修改配置之后重启生效
[root@master salt]# systemctl restart salt-master
需要注意： base是默认的位置，如果file_roots只有一个，则base是必备的且必须叫base，不能改名
apache实例
创建目录结构
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# ls
[root@master base]# mkdir web/{nginx,apache} -p
[root@master base]# tree
.
`-- web
|-- apache
`-- nginx
3 directories, 0 files
配置文件
注意： YAML 配置文件中顶格写的被称作ID，必须全局唯一，不能重复
[root@master base]# vim web/apache/apache.sls
[root@master base]# cat web/apache/apache.sls
apache-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: httpd
apache-service:
service.running:
- name: httpd
- enable: true
[root@master base]# tree
.
`-- web
|-- apache
| `-- apache.sls
`-- nginx
3 directories, 1 file
在受控主机上执行apache.sls状态文件
[root@master base]# salt 'minion2' state.sls web.apache.apache saltenv=base
minion2:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd
Started: 14:30:19.078114
Duration: 8995.341 ms
Changes:
----------
apr:
----------
new:
1.6.3-11.el8
old:
apr-util:
----------
new:
1.6.1-6.el8
old:
apr-util-bdb:
----------
new:
1.6.1-6.el8
old:
apr-util-openssl:
----------
new:
1.6.1-6.el8
old:
centos-logos-httpd:
----------
new:
85.8-1.el8
old:
httpd:
----------
new:
2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
old:
httpd-filesystem:
----------
new:
2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
old:
httpd-tools:
----------
new:
2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
old:
mailcap:
----------
new:
2.1.48-3.el8
old:
mod_http2:
----------
new:
1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab
old:
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
Started: 14:30:28.085891
Duration: 1277.562 ms
Changes:
----------
httpd:
True
Summary for minion2
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 10.273 s
检查受控主机
[root@minion2 ~]# rpm -qa|grep httpd
httpd-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1.x86_64
httpd-tools-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1.x86_64
centos-logos-httpd-85.8-1.el8.noarch
httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1.noarch
[root@minion2 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@minion2 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: di>
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 14:30:29 EDT; 1min 35s ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
Main PID: 35825 (httpd)
Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
Tasks: 213 (limit: 49298)
Memory: 39.2M
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─35825 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─35894 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─35895 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─35896 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─35897 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
Nov 02 14:30:28 minion2 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Nov 02 14:30:29 minion2 httpd[35825]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine t>
Nov 02 14:30:29 minion2 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Nov 02 14:30:30 minion2 httpd[35825]: Server configured, listening on: port 80
top file
介绍
直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗？答案是否定的，因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务，自动化应该是我们让它干活时，它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活，但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的，为了解决这个问题，top file 应运而生。
top file就是一个入口，top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出，且此文件必须在 base 环境中，默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。
top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活，比如让web服务器启动web服务，让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。
top file：定义文件入口
- 一对多
实例
[root@minion1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 8.4.2105
[root@minion1 ~]# yum list all|grep nginx
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
nginx.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64 5.2.5-6.el8_4 appstream
[root@minion2 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 8.4.2105
[root@minion2 ~]# yum list all|grep nginx
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
nginx.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82 appstream
pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64 5.2.5-6.el8_4 appstream
[root@master base]# tree
.
`-- web
|-- apache
| `-- install.sls
`-- nginx
3 directories, 1 file
[root@master base]# vim web/nginx/install.sls
[root@master base]# cat web/nginx/install.sls
nginx-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: nginx
nginx-service:
service.running:
- name: nginx
- enable: true
[root@master base]# tree
.
`-- web
|-- apache
| `-- install.sls
`-- nginx
`-- install.sls
3 directories, 2 files
[root@master base]# ls
web
[root@master base]# vim top.sls
[root@master base]# cat top.sls
base:
'minion1':
- web.nginx.install
'minion2':
- web.apache.install
[root@master base]# salt '*' state.highstate saltenv=base //第二次执行查看结果
master: //master显示红色报错是没有问题的 因为top file没有指定master做事
----------
ID: states
Function: no.None
Result: False
Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
Changes:
Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed: 1
------------
Total states run: 1
Total run time: 0.000 ms
minion2:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 14:39:40.666205
Duration: 686.242 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: The service httpd is already running
Started: 14:39:41.354053
Duration: 50.114 ms
Changes:
Summary for minion2
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 736.356 ms
minion1:
----------
ID: nginx-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: nginx
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 14:39:40.674417
Duration: 734.172 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: nginx-service
Function: service.running
Name: nginx
Result: True
Comment: The service nginx is already running
Started: 14:39:41.410945
Duration: 52.55 ms
Changes:
Summary for minion1
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 786.722 ms
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code
查看
[root@minion1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: di>
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 14:39:32 EDT; 3min 33s ago
Main PID: 51795 (nginx)
Tasks: 5 (limit: 49298)
Memory: 7.7M
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─51795 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
├─51796 nginx: worker process
├─51797 nginx: worker process
├─51798 nginx: worker process
└─51799 nginx: worker process
Nov 02 14:39:32 minion1 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server>
Nov 02 14:39:32 minion1 nginx[51792]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx>
Nov 02 14:39:32 minion1 nginx[51792]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.con>
Nov 02 14:39:32 minion1 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
[root@minion1 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@minion2 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: di>
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 14:30:29 EDT; 12min ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
Main PID: 35825 (httpd)
Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
Tasks: 213 (limit: 49298)
Memory: 39.2M
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─35825 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─35894 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─35895 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─35896 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─35897 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
Nov 02 14:30:28 minion2 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Nov 02 14:30:29 minion2 httpd[35825]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine t>
Nov 02 14:30:29 minion2 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Nov 02 14:30:30 minion2 httpd[35825]: Server configured, listening on: port 80
[root@minion2 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
高级状态highstate的使用
管理SaltStack时一般最常用的管理操作就是执行高级状态
[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate //生产环境禁止这样使用salt命令
注意：
上面让所有人执行高级状态，但实际工作当中，一般不会这么用，工作当中一般都是通知某台或某些台目标主机来执行高级状态，具体是否执行则是由top file来决定的
若在执行高级状态时加上参数test=True，则它会告诉我们它将会做什么，但是它不会真的去执行这个操作
停掉minon上的httpd服务
[root@minion2 ~]# systemctl stop httpd
[root@minion2 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
在master上执行高级状态的测试
[root@master base]# salt 'minion2' state.highstate test=true
minion2:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 14:47:31.930294
Duration: 593.979 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: None
Comment: Service httpd is set to start
Started: 14:47:32.525839
Duration: 40.901 ms
Changes:
Summary for minion2
------------
Succeeded: 2 (unchanged=1)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 634.880 ms
在minion上查看httpd是否启动
[root@minion2 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: di>
Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2021-11-02 14:46:41 EDT; 1min 42s ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
Process: 35825 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited, statu>
Main PID: 35825 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
Nov 02 14:30:28 minion2 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Nov 02 14:30:29 minion2 httpd[35825]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine t>
Nov 02 14:30:29 minion2 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Nov 02 14:30:30 minion2 httpd[35825]: Server configured, listening on: port 80
Nov 02 14:46:40 minion2 systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server...
Nov 02 14:46:41 minion2 systemd[1]: httpd.service: Succeeded.
Nov 02 14:46:41 minion2 systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server.
由此看来高级状态并没有执行因为httpd并没有启动