sudo apt-get update  更新源
 
sudo apt-get install package 安装包
 
sudo apt-get remove package 删除包
 
sudo apt-cache search package 搜索软件包
 
sudo apt-cache show package  获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等
 
sudo apt-get install package --reinstall   重新安装包
 
sudo apt-get -f install   修复安装
 
sudo apt-get remove package --purge 删除包，包括配置文件等
 
sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境
 
sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
 
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
 
sudo apt-cache depends package 了解使用该包依赖那些包
 
sudo apt-cache rdepends package 查看该包被哪些包依赖
 
sudo apt-get source package  下载该包的源代码
 
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
 
sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖

　修改镜像

选择合适的镜像源。

推荐:https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

Ubuntu 的软件源配置文件是 /etc/apt/sources.list。将系统自带的该文件做个备份，将该文件替换为下面内容，即可使用 TUNA 的软件源镜像。

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse