通过Jedis操作Redis

一、什么是Jedis

Jedis是Redis官方推荐的Java连接开发工具,使用Java操作Redis中间件,如果你要使用Java操作Redis,那么一定要对Jedis十分的熟悉。

二、测试连接Jedis

2.1 导入对应的依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
            <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--fastjson-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.62</version>
        </dependency>

通过Jedis操作Redis

三、常用的API

所有的api命令,就是redis对应的指令,一个都没有变化

3.1 Key

public class TestKey {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);

        System.out.println("清空数据:"+jedis.flushDB());
        System.out.println("判断某个键是否存在:"+jedis.exists("username"));
        System.out.println("新增<'username','jak'>的键值对:"+jedis.set("username", "jak"));
        System.out.println("新增<'password','password'>的键值对:"+jedis.set("password", "password"));
        System.out.print("系统中所有的键如下:");
        Set<String> keys = jedis.keys("*");
        System.out.println(keys);
        System.out.println("删除键password:"+jedis.del("password"));
        System.out.println("判断键password是否存在:"+jedis.exists("password"));
        System.out.println("查看键username所存储的值的类型:"+jedis.type("username"));
        System.out.println("随机返回key空间的一个:"+jedis.randomKey());
        System.out.println("重命名key:"+jedis.rename("username","name"));
        System.out.println("取出改后的name:"+jedis.get("name"));
        System.out.println("按索引查询:"+jedis.select(0));
        System.out.println("删除当前选择数据库中的所有key:"+jedis.flushDB());
        System.out.println("返回当前数据库中key的数目:"+jedis.dbSize());
        System.out.println("删除所有数据库中的所有key:"+jedis.flushAll());
    }
}

3.2 Password

public class TestPassword {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);

        //验证密码,如果没有设置密码这段代码省略
//        jedis.auth("password");

        jedis.connect(); //连接
        jedis.disconnect(); //断开连接

        jedis.flushAll(); //清空所有的key
    }
}

3.3 String

public class TestString {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);

        jedis.flushDB();
        System.out.println("===========增加数据===========");
        System.out.println(jedis.set("key1","value1"));
        System.out.println(jedis.set("key2","value2"));
        System.out.println(jedis.set("key3", "value3"));
        System.out.println("删除键key2:"+jedis.del("key2"));
        System.out.println("获取键key2:"+jedis.get("key2"));
        System.out.println("修改key1:"+jedis.set("key1", "value1Changed"));
        System.out.println("获取key1的值:"+jedis.get("key1"));
        System.out.println("在key3后面加入值:"+jedis.append("key3", "End"));
        System.out.println("key3的值:"+jedis.get("key3"));
        System.out.println("增加多个键值对:"+jedis.mset("key01","value01","key02","value02","key03","value03"));
        System.out.println("获取多个键值对:"+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03"));
        System.out.println("获取多个键值对:"+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03","key04"));
        System.out.println("删除多个键值对:"+jedis.del("key01","key02"));
        System.out.println("获取多个键值对:"+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03"));

        jedis.flushDB();
        System.out.println("===========新增键值对防止覆盖原先值==============");
        System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key1", "value1"));
        System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2", "value2"));
        System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2", "value2-new"));
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key1"));
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key2"));

        System.out.println("===========新增键值对并设置有效时间=============");
        System.out.println(jedis.setex("key3", 2, "value3"));
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key3"));
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key3"));

        System.out.println("===========获取原值,更新为新值==========");
        System.out.println(jedis.getSet("key2", "key2GetSet"));
        System.out.println(jedis.get("key2"));

        System.out.println("获得key2的值的字串:"+jedis.getrange("key2", 2, 4));
    }
}

3.4 List

public class TestList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
        jedis.flushDB();
        System.out.println("===========添加一个list===========");
        jedis.lpush("collections", "ArrayList", "Vector", "Stack", "HashMap", "WeakHashMap", "LinkedHashMap");
        jedis.lpush("collections", "HashSet");
        jedis.lpush("collections", "TreeSet");
        jedis.lpush("collections", "TreeMap");
        System.out.println("collections的内容:"+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));//-1代表倒数第一个元素,-2代表倒数第二个元素,end为-1表示查询全部
        System.out.println("collections区间0-3的元素:"+jedis.lrange("collections",0,3));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        // 删除列表指定的值 ,第二个参数为删除的个数(有重复时),后add进去的值先被删,类似于出栈
        System.out.println("删除指定元素个数:"+jedis.lrem("collections", 2, "HashMap"));
        System.out.println("collections的内容:"+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("删除下表0-3区间之外的元素:"+jedis.ltrim("collections", 0, 3));
        System.out.println("collections的内容:"+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("collections列表出栈(左端):"+jedis.lpop("collections"));
        System.out.println("collections的内容:"+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("collections添加元素,从列表右端,与lpush相对应:"+jedis.rpush("collections", "EnumMap"));
        System.out.println("collections的内容:"+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("collections列表出栈(右端):"+jedis.rpop("collections"));
        System.out.println("collections的内容:"+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("修改collections指定下标1的内容:"+jedis.lset("collections", 1, "LinkedArrayList"));
        System.out.println("collections的内容:"+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        System.out.println("collections的长度:"+jedis.llen("collections"));
        System.out.println("获取collections下标为2的元素:"+jedis.lindex("collections", 2));
        System.out.println("===============================");
        jedis.lpush("sortedList", "3","6","2","0","7","4");
        System.out.println("sortedList排序前:"+jedis.lrange("sortedList", 0, -1));
        System.out.println(jedis.sort("sortedList"));
        System.out.println("sortedList排序后:"+jedis.lrange("sortedList", 0, -1));
    }
}

3.5 Set

public class TestSet {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
        jedis.flushDB();
        System.out.println("============向集合中添加元素(不重复)============");
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e1", "e2", "e4", "e3", "e0", "e8", "e7", "e5"));
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e6"));
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e6"));
        System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素为:" + jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("删除一个元素e0:" + jedis.srem("eleSet", "e0"));
        System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素为:" + jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("删除两个元素e7和e6:" + jedis.srem("eleSet", "e7", "e6"));
        System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素为:" + jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("随机的移除集合中的一个元素:" + jedis.spop("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("随机的移除集合中的一个元素:" + jedis.spop("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素为:" + jedis.smembers("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("eleSet中包含元素的个数:" + jedis.scard("eleSet"));
        System.out.println("e3是否在eleSet中:" + jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e3"));
        System.out.println("e1是否在eleSet中:" + jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e1"));
        System.out.println("e1是否在eleSet中:" + jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e5"));
        System.out.println("=================================");
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet1", "e1", "e2", "e4", "e3", "e0", "e8", "e7", "e5"));
        System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet2", "e1", "e2", "e4", "e3", "e0", "e8"));
        System.out.println("将eleSet1中删除e1并存入eleSet3中:" + jedis.smove("eleSet1", "eleSet3", "e1"));//移到集合元素
        System.out.println("将eleSet1中删除e2并存入eleSet3中:" + jedis.smove("eleSet1", "eleSet3", "e2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1中的元素:" + jedis.smembers("eleSet1"));
        System.out.println("eleSet3中的元素:" + jedis.smembers("eleSet3"));
        System.out.println("============集合运算=================");
        System.out.println("eleSet1中的元素:" + jedis.smembers("eleSet1"));
        System.out.println("eleSet2中的元素:" + jedis.smembers("eleSet2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的交集:" + jedis.sinter("eleSet1", "eleSet2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的并集:" + jedis.sunion("eleSet1", "eleSet2"));
        System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的差集:" + jedis.sdiff("eleSet1", "eleSet2"));//eleSet1中有,eleSet2中没有
        jedis.sinterstore("eleSet4", "eleSet1", "eleSet2");//求交集并将交集保存到dstkey的集合
        System.out.println("eleSet4中的元素:" + jedis.smembers("eleSet4"));
    }
}

3.6 Hash

public class TestHash {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
        jedis.flushDB();
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map.put("key1", "value1");
        map.put("key2", "value2");
        map.put("key3", "value3");
        map.put("key4", "value4");
        //添加名称为hash(key)的hash元素
        jedis.hmset("hash", map);
        //向名称为hash的hash中添加key为key5,value为value5元素
        jedis.hset("hash", "key5", "value5");
        System.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为:" + jedis.hgetAll("hash"));//return Map<String,String>
        System.out.println("散列hash的所有键为:" + jedis.hkeys("hash"));//return Set<String>
        System.out.println("散列hash的所有值为:" + jedis.hvals("hash"));//return List<String>
        System.out.println("将key6保存的值加上一个整数,如果key6不存在则添加key6:" + jedis.hincrBy("hash", "key6", 6));
        System.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为:" + jedis.hgetAll("hash"));
        System.out.println("将key6保存的值加上一个整数,如果key6不存在则添加key6:" + jedis.hincrBy("hash", "key6", 3));
        System.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为:" + jedis.hgetAll("hash"));
        System.out.println("删除一个或者多个键值对:" + jedis.hdel("hash", "key2"));
        System.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为:" + jedis.hgetAll("hash"));
        System.out.println("散列hash中键值对的个数:" + jedis.hlen("hash"));
        System.out.println("判断hash中是否存在key2:" + jedis.hexists("hash", "key2"));
        System.out.println("判断hash中是否存在key3:" + jedis.hexists("hash", "key3"));
        System.out.println("获取hash中的值:" + jedis.hmget("hash", "key3"));
        System.out.println("获取hash中的值:" + jedis.hmget("hash", "key3", "key4"));
    }
}

四、事务

public class TestMulti {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建客户端连接服务端,redis服务端需要被开启
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
        jedis.flushDB();

        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("hello", "world");
        jsonObject.put("name", "java");
        //开启事务
        Transaction multi = jedis.multi();
        String result = jsonObject.toJSONString();
        try {
            //向redis存入一条数据
            multi.set("json", result);
            //再存入一条数据
            multi.set("json2", result);
            //这里引发了异常,用0作为被除数
            int i = 100 / 0;
            //如果没有引发异常,执行进入队列的命令
            multi.exec();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            //如果出现异常,回滚
            multi.discard();
        } finally {
            System.out.println(jedis.get("json"));
            System.out.println(jedis.get("json2"));
            //最终关闭客户端
            jedis.close();
        }
    }
}
public class TestWatch {
    public boolean transMethod() {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
        int balance;// 可用余额
        int debt;// 欠额
        int amtToSubtract = 10;// 实刷额度

        jedis.watch("balance");
        //jedis.set("balance","5");//此句不该出现。模拟其他程序已经修改了该条目
        balance = Integer.parseInt(jedis.get("balance"));
        if (balance < amtToSubtract) {
            jedis.unwatch();
            System.out.println("modify");
            return false;
        } else {
            System.out.println("***********transaction");
            Transaction transaction = jedis.multi();
            transaction.decrBy("balance", amtToSubtract);
            transaction.incrBy("debt", amtToSubtract);
            transaction.exec();
            balance = Integer.parseInt(jedis.get("balance"));
            debt = Integer.parseInt(jedis.get("debt"));

            System.out.println("*******" + balance);
            System.out.println("*******" + debt);
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 通俗点讲,watch命令就是标记一个键,如果标记了一个键, 在提交事务前如果该键被别人修改过,那事务就会失败,这种情况通常可以在程序中
     * 重新再尝试一次。
     * 首先标记了键balance,然后检查余额是否足够,不足就取消标记,并不做扣减; 足够的话,就启动事务进行更新操作,
     * 如果在此期间键balance被其它人修改, 那在提交事务(执行exec)时就会报错, 程序中通常可以捕获这类错误再重新执行一次,直到成功。
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestWatch test = new TestWatch();
        boolean retValue = test.transMethod();
        System.out.println("main retValue-------: " + retValue);
    }

}
public class TestReplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Jedis jedis_M = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
        Jedis jedis_S = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6380);

        jedis_S.slaveof("127.0.0.1", 6379);

        jedis_M.set("k6", "v6");
        Thread.sleep(500);
        System.out.println(jedis_S.get("k6"));
    }
}

五、JedisPool

获取Jedis实例需要从JedisPool中获取

用完Jedis实例需要返回给JedisPool

如果Jedis在使用过程中出错,也需要还给JedisPool

5.1 代码

public class JedisPoolUtil {
    
    //被volatile修饰的变量不会被本地线程缓存,对该变量的读写都是直接操作共享内存。
    private static volatile JedisPool jedisPool = null;
    
    private JedisPoolUtil(){};
    
    public static JedisPool getJedisPoolInstance() {
        if (null == jedisPool) {
            synchronized (JedisPoolUtil.class) {
                if (null == jedisPool) {
                    JedisPoolConfig poolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig();
                    poolConfig.setMaxIdle(32);
                    poolConfig.setMaxWaitMillis(100*1000);
                    jedisPool = new JedisPool(poolConfig, "127.0.0.1");
                }
            }
        }
        return jedisPool;
    }
    
    public static void release(JedisPool jedisPool, Jedis jedis) {
        if (null != jedis) {
//            jedisPool.returnResourceObject(jedis);
        }
    }
}
public class TestJedis {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JedisPool jedisPool = JedisPoolUtil.getJedisPoolInstance();
        Jedis jedis = null;

        try
        {
            jedis = jedisPool.getResource();
            jedis.set("k18","v183");

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            JedisPoolUtil.release(jedisPool, jedis);
        }
    }
}
 
JedisPool的配置参数大部分是由JedisPoolConfig的对应项来赋值的。
 
maxActive:控制一个pool可分配多少个jedis实例,通过pool.getResource()来获取;如果赋值为-1,则表示不限制;如果pool已经分配了maxActive个jedis实例,则此时pool的状态为exhausted。
maxIdle:控制一个pool最多有多少个状态为idle(空闲)的jedis实例;
whenExhaustedAction:表示当pool中的jedis实例都被allocated完时,pool要采取的操作;默认有三种。
 WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL --> 表示无jedis实例时,直接抛出NoSuchElementException;
 WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK --> 则表示阻塞住,或者达到maxWait时抛出JedisConnectionException;
 WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW --> 则表示新建一个jedis实例,也就说设置的maxActive无用;
maxWait:表示当borrow一个jedis实例时,最大的等待时间,如果超过等待时间,则直接抛JedisConnectionException;
testOnBorrow:获得一个jedis实例的时候是否检查连接可用性(ping());如果为true,则得到的jedis实例均是可用的;
 
testOnReturn:return 一个jedis实例给pool时,是否检查连接可用性(ping());
 
testWhileIdle:如果为true,表示有一个idle object evitor线程对idle object进行扫描,如果validate失败,此object会被从pool中drop掉;这一项只有在timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis大于0时才有意义;
 
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis:表示idle object evitor两次扫描之间要sleep的毫秒数;
 
numTestsPerEvictionRun:表示idle object evitor每次扫描的最多的对象数;
 
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis:表示一个对象至少停留在idle状态的最短时间,然后才能被idle object evitor扫描并驱逐;这一项只有在timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis大于0时才有意义;
 
softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis:在minEvictableIdleTimeMillis基础上,加入了至少minIdle个对象已经在pool里面了。如果为-1,evicted不会根据idle time驱逐任何对象。如果minEvictableIdleTimeMillis>0,则此项设置无意义,且只有在timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis大于0时才有意义;
 
lifo:borrowObject返回对象时,是采用DEFAULT_LIFO(last in first out,即类似cache的最频繁使用队列),如果为False,则表示FIFO队列;
 
==================================================================================================================
其中JedisPoolConfig对一些参数的默认设置如下:
testWhileIdle=true
minEvictableIdleTimeMills=60000
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=30000
numTestsPerEvictionRun=-1

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