namedtuple : 可以创建包含名称的tuple
一、除了从tuple继承的方法以外,nametuple还支持三种方法和一个属性,为了避免和名称冲突,这些方法和属性以下划线开始
#1、nametuple._make(): 从已有的序列或者可迭代对象中创建一个新的对象 from collections import namedtuple p = namedtuple('Point',['x','y']) t = [11,22] p1 = p._make(t) print(p1) #执行结果: Point(x=11, y=22) #2、nametuple._asdict(): 返回一个dict,由名称到对应值建立的映射 p = namedtuple('Point',['x','y']) t = [33,44] p1 = p._make(t) print(p1) #Point(x=33, y=44) print(p1._asdict()) #{'x': 33, 'y': 44} print(type(p1._asdict())) #<class 'dict'> #3、nametuple._replace(): 返回一个新的nametuple对象,用新值替换指定名称中的值 p = namedtuple('Point',['x','y']) t = [55,66] p1 = p._make(t) print(p1) #Point(x=55, y=66) p2 = p1._replace(x=77) print(p2) #Point(x=77, y=66) #4、nametuple._fields: 以字符串构成元组的形式返回nametuple中的名称,在已存在的nametuple上创建或修改新的nametuple时非常有用 point = namedtuple('Point',['x','y']) t = [77,88] p1 = point._make(t) print(p1) #Point(x=77, y=88) color = namedtuple('Color','red green blue') mix = namedtuple('Mix',point._fields + color._fields) print(mix(77,88,121,212,0)) #执行结果: Mix(x=77, y=88, red=121, green=212, blue=0) #通过nametuple._fields创建一个新的nametuple p = namedtuple('Point',['x','y']) p1 = namedtuple('Point',p._fields + ('z',)) print(p1._fields) #执行结果:('x', 'y', 'z') #枚举类型常量可以通过nametuple来实现 Status = namedtuple('Status','open pending close') print(Status._make(range(3))) #执行结果: Status(open=0, pending=1, close=2) print(Status._fields[0]) #执行结果: open #另一种实现方式: """ class Status0: open, pending, close= range(3) print(Status0.open) print(Status0.pending) print(Status0.close) """ #nametuple在给csv或者sqlites3返回的元组附上名称特别有用 import csv EmployeeRecord = namedtuple('EmployRecord','name,age,title,department,paygrade') for emp in map(EmployeeRecord._make,csv.reader(open("employee.csv",'rb'))): print(emp.name,emp.title)