公众号后台开发(SpingMVC接收与响应公众号消息)

2022-12-31 07:34:07

1.准备

1.准备服务

与微信对接的url要具备以下条件:

(1)在公网上能够访问

(2)端口只支持80端口

　　在这里如果是公网能够访问的服务最好，也可以通过花生壳或者其他外网映射工具进行映射，比如ngrok。

2.数据交互原理

　　开发模式与编辑模式是互斥的，打开开发模式的时候，编辑模式的自动回复与自定义菜单失效；打开编辑模式的自动回复或者自定义菜单的时候开发模式会失效。

公众号后台开发(SpingMVC接收与响应公众号消息)

开发模式的数据交互原理如下:

公众号后台开发(SpingMVC接收与响应公众号消息)

　　我们需要开发的任务就是维信公众号服务器，包括业务逻辑、身份验证等操作。

2.接入后台

　　参考公众号开发文档：   开发->开发者工具-》开发者文档，里面有类似于对接钉钉的文档，有接入指南以及其他接口文档。

　　https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Getting_Started/Overview.html

1.  第一步：填写服务器配置

　　到公众号后台：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/

公众号后台开发(SpingMVC接收与响应公众号消息)

2 第二步：验证消息的确来自微信服务器(在自己的微信服务器进行验证)

　　开发者提交信息后，微信服务器将发送GET请求到填写的服务器地址URL上，GET请求携带参数如下表所示：

公众号后台开发(SpingMVC接收与响应公众号消息)

开发者通过检验signature对请求进行校验（下面有校验方式）。若确认此次GET请求来自微信服务器，请原样返回echostr参数内容，则接入生效，成为开发者成功，否则接入失败。加密/校验流程如下：

1）将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序 2）将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密 3）开发者获得加密后的字符串可与signature对比，标识该请求来源于微信

SpringMVC接收代码如下:

package cn.qlq.controller.weixin;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import cn.qlq.controller.UserController;

import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.WeixinCheckUtils;

@Controller

@RequestMapping("weixin")

public class WeixinController {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);

    @ResponseBody

    @RequestMapping("index")

    public String index(@RequestParam(required = false) String signature,

            @RequestParam(required = false) String timestamp, @RequestParam(required = false) String nonce,

            @RequestParam(required = false) String echostr) {

        logger.debug("signature: {}, timestamp: {}, nonce: {}, echostr: {}", signature, timestamp, nonce, echostr);

        if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(signature, timestamp, nonce)

                && WeixinCheckUtils.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)) {

            return echostr;

        }

        return "error";

    }

}

验证工具如下:

package cn.qlq.utils.weixin;

import java.security.MessageDigest;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class WeixinCheckUtils {

    // token，与微信公众号后台的一致

    private static final String token = "devqiaolq";

    public static boolean checkSignature(String signature, String timestamp, String nonce) {

        String[] arr = new String[] { token, timestamp, nonce };

        // 排序

        Arrays.sort(arr);

        // 生成字符串

        StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer();

        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {

            content.append(arr[i]);

        }

        // sha1加密

        String temp = getSha1(content.toString());

        return temp.equals(signature);

    }

    public static String getSha1(String str) {

        if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {

            return null;

        }

        char hexDigits[] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };

        try {

            MessageDigest mdTemp = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");

            mdTemp.update(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));

            byte[] md = mdTemp.digest();

            int j = md.length;

            char buf[] = new char[j * 2];

            int k = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {

                byte byte0 = md[i];

                buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf];

                buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];

            }

            return new String(buf);

        } catch (Exception e) {

            return null;

        }

    }

}

　　注意:如果有登录过滤器，记得在过滤器中放行微信请求.

3. 第三步：依据接口文档实现业务逻辑

1. 首先需要启用开发者模式:(启用开发者模式之后自己的自定义菜单就不会生效)

公众号后台开发(SpingMVC接收与响应公众号消息)

2. 接收与响应文字消息

　　当普通微信用户向公众账号发消息时，微信服务器将POST消息的XML数据包到开发者填写的URL上。

文本消息的xml数据格式如下:

<xml>

  <ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName>

  <FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName>

  <CreateTime>1348831860</CreateTime>

  <MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType>

  <Content><![CDATA[this is a test]]></Content>

  <MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId>

</xml>

参数解释:

参数 描述
ToUserName 开发者微信号
FromUserName 发送方帐号（一个OpenID）
CreateTime 消息创建时间 （整型）
MsgType 消息类型，文本为text
Content 文本消息内容
MsgId 消息id，64位整型

(1)建立后台对应的TextMessage实体类:

package cn.qlq.bean.weixin;

public class TextMessage {

    /**

     * 开发者微信号

     */

    private String ToUserName;

    /**

     * 发送方帐号（一个OpenID）

     */

    private String FromUserName;

    /**

     * 消息创建时间 （整型）

     */

    private long CreateTime;

    /**

     * text

     */

    private String MsgType;

    /**

     * 文本消息内容

     */

    private String Content;

    /**

     * 消息id，64位整型

     */

    private String MsgId;

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "TextMessage{" + "ToUserName='" + ToUserName + '\'' + ", FromUserName='" + FromUserName + '\''

                + ", CreateTime=" + CreateTime + ", MsgType='" + MsgType + '\'' + ", Content='" + Content + '\''

                + ", MsgId='" + MsgId + '\'' + '}';

    }

    public String getToUserName() {

        return ToUserName;

    }

    public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {

        ToUserName = toUserName;

    }

    public String getFromUserName() {

        return FromUserName;

    }

    public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {

        FromUserName = fromUserName;

    }

    public long getCreateTime() {

        return CreateTime;

    }

    public void setCreateTime(long createTime) {

        CreateTime = createTime;

    }

    public String getMsgType() {

        return MsgType;

    }

    public void setMsgType(String msgType) {

        MsgType = msgType;

    }

    public String getContent() {

        return Content;

    }

    public void setContent(String content) {

        Content = content;

    }

    public String getMsgId() {

        return MsgId;

    }

    public void setMsgId(String msgId) {

        MsgId = msgId;

    }

}

(2)编写工具类实现xml(接收的是xml格式的数据)转map和TextMessage对象转换成xml(响应数据格式为xml)

pom加入:

        <!--微信转换XML所需包 -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>dom4j</groupId>

            <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>

            <version>1.6.1</version>

        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.thoughtworks.xstream/xstream -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>

            <artifactId>xstream</artifactId>

            <version>1.4.10</version>

        </dependency>

工具类:

package cn.qlq.utils.weixin;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.dom4j.Document;

import org.dom4j.DocumentException;

import org.dom4j.Element;

import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.TextMessage;

public class MessageUtils {

    /**

     * xml数据转map

     *

     * @param request

     * @return

     * @throws IOException

     * @throws DocumentException

     */

    public static Map<String, String> xmlToMap(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException, DocumentException {

        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();

        SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();

        InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();

        Document document = reader.read(inputStream);

        Element root = document.getRootElement();

        List<Element> list = root.elements();

        for (Element element : list) {

            map.put(element.getName(), element.getText());

        }

        inputStream.close();

        return map;

    }

    /**

     * 将文本消息对象转换成xml

     *

     * @param textMessage

     * @return

     */

    public static String textMessageToXml(TextMessage textMessage) {

        XStream xStream = new XStream();

        // 将xml的根元素替换成xml

        xStream.alias("xml", textMessage.getClass());

        return xStream.toXML(textMessage);

    }

}

(3)重写Controller接收消息和响应消息

package cn.qlq.controller.weixin;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import org.dom4j.DocumentException;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.TextMessage;

import cn.qlq.controller.UserController;

import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.MessageUtils;

import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.WeixinCheckUtils;

@Controller

@RequestMapping("weixin")

public class WeixinController {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);

    @RequestMapping(value = "index", method = { RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST })

    public void index(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {

        // 将请求、响应的编码均设置为UTF-8（防止中文乱码）

        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 微信服务器POST消息时用的是UTF-8编码，在接收时也要用同样的编码，否则中文会乱码；

        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 在响应消息（回复消息给用户）时，也将编码方式设置为UTF-8，原理同上；

        String method = request.getMethod().toLowerCase();

        logger.info("method: {}", method);

        // 验证是否是微信请求

        if ("get".equals(method)) {

            doGet(request, response);

            return;

        }

        // POST请求接收消息，且给客户响应消息

        doPost(request, response);

    }

    /**

     * Post请求用于接收消息且处理消息之后回传消息

     *

     * @param request

     * @param response

     * @throws IOException

     */

    private void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {

        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

        try {

            Map<String, String> map = MessageUtils.xmlToMap(request);

            String fromUserName = map.get("FromUserName");

            String toUserName = map.get("ToUserName");

            String msgType = map.get("MsgType");

            String content = map.get("Content");

            logger.info("map: {}", map);

            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(content)) {

                System.out.println("接收的的消息为:" + content + ",你可以根据关键字进行搜索或者做其他");

            }

            String message = null;

            if ("text".equals(msgType)) {

                TextMessage textMessage = new TextMessage();

                // 回传消息，所以讲fromuser和toUser交换

                textMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);

                textMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);

                textMessage.setMsgType(msgType);

                textMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());

                textMessage.setContent("您发送的消息为: " + content);

                logger.info("textMessage: {}", textMessage);

                message = MessageUtils.textMessageToXml(textMessage);

            }

            out.print(message);// 把消息发送到客户端

        } catch (DocumentException e) {

            logger.error("dispose post request error", e);

        } finally {

            out.close();

        }

    }

    /**

     * Get请求用于微信配置验证

     *

     * @param request

     * @param response

     * @throws IOException

     */

    private void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {

        String signature = request.getParameter("signature");// 微信加密签名

        String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");// 时间戳

        String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");// 随机数

        String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");// 随机字符串

        logger.info("signature: {}, timestamp: {}, nonce: {}, echostr: {}", signature, timestamp, nonce, echostr);

        if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(signature, timestamp, nonce)

                && WeixinCheckUtils.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)) {

            response.getWriter().write(echostr);

        }

    }

}

测试:

公众号后台开发(SpingMVC接收与响应公众号消息)

Java服务器日志如下:

2019-10-23 23:34:15.625 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-9] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : method: post
2019-10-23 23:34:15.633 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-9] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : map: {MsgId=22503405793257008, FromUserName=o_qAo0u6Snhoc7Z45RfSxYatMWpo, CreateTime=1571844638, Content=怎么了, ToUserName=gh_fc4bd5c2fda8, MsgType=text}
接收的的消息为:怎么了,你可以根据关键字进行搜索或者做其他
2019-10-23 23:34:15.635 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-9] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : textMessage: TextMessage{ToUserName='o_qAo0u6Snhoc7Z45RfSxYatMWpo', FromUserName='gh_fc4bd5c2fda8', CreateTime=1571844855635, MsgType='text', Content='您发送的消息为: 怎么了', MsgId='null'}
2019-10-23 23:34:20.288 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-3] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : method: post
2019-10-23 23:34:20.295 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-3] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : map: {MsgId=22503406289173072, FromUserName=o_qAo0u6Snhoc7Z45RfSxYatMWpo, CreateTime=1571844642, Content=什么意思, ToUserName=gh_fc4bd5c2fda8, MsgType=text}
接收的的消息为:什么意思,你可以根据关键字进行搜索或者做其他
2019-10-23 23:34:20.296 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-3] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : textMessage: TextMessage{ToUserName='o_qAo0u6Snhoc7Z45RfSxYatMWpo', FromUserName='gh_fc4bd5c2fda8', CreateTime=1571844860296, MsgType='text', Content='您发送的消息为: 什么意思', MsgId='null'}

4. 接收其他类型的消息以及返回文本消息、图文消息

　　公众号可以接受的消息大概有文本消息(在上面已经接收)、图片(image)消息、语音(voice，在后台接口开启语音识别可以自动识别文字)消息、视频(video)消息、短视频(shortvideo)消息、地理位置(location)消息、链接(link)消息、事件(event，事件类型:subscribe(订阅)、unsubscribe(取消订阅))消息。

　　公众号可以回复的消息有: 文本(text)消息、图片消息(image)、语音消息(voice)、视频消息(video)、音乐消息(music)、图文(news)消息。

注意:这里需要注意接收的消息和发送的消息数据数据格式不一样。如下是回复的图片消息和图文消息的数据格式:

回传图片消息数据格式:

<xml>

  <ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName>

  <FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName>

  <CreateTime>12345678</CreateTime>

  <MsgType><![CDATA[image]]></MsgType>

  <Image>

    <MediaId><![CDATA[media_id]]></MediaId>

  </Image>

</xml>

回传图文消息数据格式:

<xml>

  <ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName>

  <FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName>

  <CreateTime>12345678</CreateTime>

  <MsgType><![CDATA[news]]></MsgType>

  <ArticleCount>1</ArticleCount>

  <Articles>

    <item>

      <Title><![CDATA[title1]]></Title>

      <Description><![CDATA[description1]]></Description>

      <PicUrl><![CDATA[picurl]]></PicUrl>

      <Url><![CDATA[url]]></Url>

    </item>

  </Articles>

</xml>

自己封装的controller接收数据和消息处理的工具类如下:

package cn.qlq.controller.weixin;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import org.dom4j.DocumentException;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.AbstractResponseMessage;

import cn.qlq.controller.UserController;

import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.MessageHandler;

import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.MessageUtils;

import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.WeixinCheckUtils;

@Controller

@RequestMapping("weixin")

public class WeixinController {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);

    @RequestMapping(value = "index", method = { RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST })

    public void index(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {

        // 将请求、响应的编码均设置为UTF-8（防止中文乱码）

        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 微信服务器POST消息时用的是UTF-8编码，在接收时也要用同样的编码，否则中文会乱码；

        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 在响应消息（回复消息给用户）时，也将编码方式设置为UTF-8，原理同上；

        String method = request.getMethod().toLowerCase();

        logger.info("method: {}", method);

        // 验证是否是微信请求

        if ("get".equals(method)) {

            doGet(request, response);

            return;

        }

        // POST请求接收消息，且给客户响应消息

        doPost(request, response);

    }

    /**

     * Post请求用于接收消息且处理消息之后回传消息

     *

     * @param request

     * @param response

     * @throws IOException

     */

    private void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {

        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

        try {

            // 消息转map

            Map<String, Object> map = MessageUtils.xmlToMap(request);

            logger.info("接收到的消息map: {}", map);

            // 调用工具类处理完之后显示回传消息

            AbstractResponseMessage responseMessage = MessageHandler.handlMessage(map);

            logger.info("回传的消息responseMessage: {}", responseMessage);

            if (responseMessage == null) {

                return;

            }

            String messageToXml = MessageUtils.messageToXml(responseMessage);

            logger.info("回传的消息responseMessage messageToXml: {}", messageToXml);

            out.print(messageToXml);// 把消息发送到客户端

        } catch (DocumentException e) {

            logger.error("dispose post request error", e);

        } finally {

            out.close();

        }

    }

    /**

     * Get请求用于微信配置验证

     *

     * @param request

     * @param response

     * @throws IOException

     */

    private void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {

        String signature = request.getParameter("signature");// 微信加密签名

        String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");// 时间戳

        String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");// 随机数

        String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");// 随机字符串

        logger.info("signature: {}, timestamp: {}, nonce: {}, echostr: {}", signature, timestamp, nonce, echostr);

        if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(signature, timestamp, nonce)

                && WeixinCheckUtils.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)) {

            response.getWriter().write(echostr);

        }

    }

}
package cn.qlq.utils.weixin;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.collections.MapUtils;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.EventMessage;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.ImageMessage;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.LinkMessage;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.LocationMessage;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.TextMessage;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.VideoMessage;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.VoiceMessage;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.AbstractResponseMessage;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.ImageResponseMessage;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.NewsResponseMessage;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.NewsResponseMessageArticle;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.NewsResponseMessageArticleItem;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.TextResponseMessage;

import cn.qlq.utils.BeanUtils;

public class MessageHandler {

    public static final String MESSAGE_TEXT = "text";

    public static final String MESSAGE_IMAGE = "image";

    public static final String MESSAGE_VOICE = "voice";

    public static final String MESSAGE_VIDEO = "video";

    public static final String MESSAGE_LINK = "link";

    public static final String MESSAGE_LOCATION = "location";

    public static final String MESSAGE_EVENT = "event";// 事件

    public static final String MESSAGE_SUBSCRIBE = "subscribe";// 关注

    public static final String MESSAGE_UNSUBSCRIBE = "unsubscribe";// 取消关注

    public static final String MESSAGE_CLICK = "CLICK";

    public static final String MESSAGE_VIEW = "VIEW";

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageHandler.class);

    public static AbstractResponseMessage handlMessage(Map<String, Object> messageMap) {

        if (MapUtils.isEmpty(messageMap)) {

            logger.error("message is empty");

            return null;

        }

        String msgType = (String) messageMap.get("MsgType");

        if (MESSAGE_TEXT.equals(msgType)) {

            return handleTextMessage(messageMap);

        } else if (MESSAGE_IMAGE.equals(msgType)) {

            return handleImageMessage(messageMap);

        } else if (MESSAGE_LOCATION.equals(msgType)) {

            return handleLocationMessage(messageMap);

        } else if (MESSAGE_EVENT.equals(msgType)) {

            return handleEventMessage(messageMap);

        } else if (MESSAGE_LINK.equals(msgType)) {

            return handleLinkMessage(messageMap);

        } else if (MESSAGE_VOICE.equals(msgType)) {

            return handleVoiceMessage(messageMap);

        } else if (MESSAGE_VIDEO.equals(msgType)) {

            return handleVideoMessage(messageMap);

        }

        return null;

    }

    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleVideoMessage(Map<String, Object> messageMap) {

        VideoMessage message = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, VideoMessage.class, true);

        String thumbMediaId = message.getThumbMediaId();

        // 可以用图片路径做其他操作

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(thumbMediaId)) {

            System.out.println("您接收到视频消息, thumbMediaId为: " + thumbMediaId);

        }

        String responseMsg = "您发送了一条视频消息，thumbMediaId为: " + thumbMediaId;

        return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(message.getToUserName(), message.getFromUserName(), responseMsg);

    }

    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleVoiceMessage(Map<String, Object> messageMap) {

        VoiceMessage message = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, VoiceMessage.class, true);

        String recognition = message.getRecognition();

        String format = message.getFormat();

        // 可以用图片路径做其他操作

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(recognition)) {

            System.out.println("您接收到语音消息， 格式为: " + format + ", 转换后的文字为: " + recognition);

        }

        String responseMsg = "您发送了一条语音消息，格式为: " + format + ", 转换后的文字为: " + recognition;

        return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(message.getToUserName(), message.getFromUserName(), responseMsg);

    }

    /**

     * 处理链接消息(回复一条图文消息)

     *

     * @param message

     * @return

     */

    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleLinkMessage(Map<String, Object> messageMap) {

        LinkMessage message = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, LinkMessage.class, true);

        String desc = message.getDescription();

        String title = message.getTitle();

        String url = message.getUrl();

        // 可以用图片路径做其他操作

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(url)) {

            System.out.println("您接收到链接消息， title: " + title + ", desc: " + desc + ", url: " + url);

        }

        // 回复一条图文消息

        NewsResponseMessage news = new NewsResponseMessage();

        news.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());

        news.setFromUserName(message.getToUserName());

        news.setToUserName(message.getFromUserName());

        news.setArticleCount("1");

        news.setMsgType("news");

        NewsResponseMessageArticle article = new NewsResponseMessageArticle();

        news.setArticles(article);

        // 创建多条图文消息

        for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) {

            NewsResponseMessageArticleItem item = new NewsResponseMessageArticleItem();

            item.setTitle("18年写的面试心得");

            item.setPicUrl("https://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/qlqwjy/1031659/o_9.bmp");

            item.setUrl("https://www.cnblogs.com/qlqwjy/p/9194434.html");

            item.setDescription("18年毕设心血来潮写的毕设心得，1年后再看有点东西。");

            article.addNewsResponseMessageArticleItem(item);

        }

        return news;

    }

    /**

     * 处理事件消息(订阅和取消订阅)

     *

     * @param messageMap

     * @return

     */

    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleEventMessage(Map<String, Object> messageMap) {

        EventMessage message = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, EventMessage.class, true);

        String event = message.getEvent();

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(event)) {

            System.out.println("您接收到事件消息， 事件类型为: " + event);

        }

        if (MESSAGE_SUBSCRIBE.equals(event)) {

            // 关注的时候

            System.out.println("这里可以向数据库插入数据");

            String responseMsg = MessageUtils.subscribeWelcomeText();

            return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(message.getToUserName(), message.getFromUserName(), responseMsg);

        } else {

            // 取消关注(不用回传消息.需要将用户产生的数据删除)

            System.out.println("这时需要从数据删除  " + message.getFromUserName() + " 用户产生的相关数据");

            return null;

        }

    }

    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleLocationMessage(Map<String, Object> messageMap) {

        LocationMessage message = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, LocationMessage.class, true);

        String label = message.getLabel();

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(label)) {

            System.out.println("您接收到位置消息， 地理位置信息为: " + message);

        }

        String responseMsg = "您发送了一条位置消息， 您的地理位置信息为:" + label;

        return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(message.getToUserName(), message.getFromUserName(), responseMsg);

    }

    /**

     * 处理图片消息(回复一条图片消息)

     *

     * @param message

     * @return

     */

    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleImageMessage(Map<String, Object> message) {

        ImageMessage imageMessage = BeanUtils.map2Bean(message, ImageMessage.class, true);

        String url = imageMessage.getPicUrl();

        // 可以用图片路径做其他操作

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(url)) {

            System.out.println("您接收到的图片消息url为: " + url);

        }

        // 回传一条图片消息

        ImageResponseMessage responseMessage = new ImageResponseMessage();

        responseMessage.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());

        responseMessage.setFromUserName(imageMessage.getToUserName());

        responseMessage.setToUserName(imageMessage.getFromUserName());

        responseMessage.setMediaId(imageMessage.getMediaId());

        responseMessage.setMsgType(MESSAGE_IMAGE);

        return responseMessage;

    }

    /**

     * 处理文本消息

     *

     * @param message

     * @return

     */

    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleTextMessage(Map<String, Object> message) {

        TextMessage textMessage = BeanUtils.map2Bean(message, TextMessage.class, true);

        String content = textMessage.getContent();

        // 可以根据文本消息去查库或者进行其他操作

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(content)) {

            System.out.println("您接收到的文本消息内容为: " + content);

        }

        // 设置回传的消息内容

        TextResponseMessage responseMessage = new TextResponseMessage();

        responseMessage.setContent("服务器已接收到您的消息，内容为: " + content);

        responseMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());

        responseMessage.setFromUserName(textMessage.getToUserName());

        responseMessage.setToUserName(textMessage.getFromUserName());

        responseMessage.setMsgType(MESSAGE_TEXT);

        return responseMessage;

    }

}
package cn.qlq.utils.weixin;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.dom4j.Document;

import org.dom4j.DocumentException;

import org.dom4j.Element;

import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.AbstractResponseMessage;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.TextResponseMessage;

public class MessageUtils {

    /**

     * xml数据转map

     *

     * @param request

     * @return

     * @throws IOException

     * @throws DocumentException

     */

    public static Map<String, Object> xmlToMap(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException, DocumentException {

        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();

        SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();

        InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();

        Document document = reader.read(inputStream);

        Element root = document.getRootElement();

        List<Element> list = root.elements();

        for (Element element : list) {

            map.put(element.getName(), element.getText());

        }

        inputStream.close();

        return map;

    }

    /**

     * 将文本消息对象转换成xml

     *

     * @param message

     * @return

     */

    public static String messageToXml(AbstractResponseMessage message) {

        XStream xStream = new XStream();

        // 将xml的根元素替换成xml

        xStream.alias("xml", message.getClass());

        xStream.alias("item", cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.NewsResponseMessageArticleItem.class);

        xStream.addImplicitArray(cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.NewsResponseMessageArticle.class, "items");

        return xStream.toXML(message);

    }

    /**

     * 将文本消息对象转换成xml

     *

     * @param message

     * @return

     */

    public static String messageToXml2(AbstractResponseMessage message) {

        XStream xStream = new XStream();

        // 将xml的根元素替换成xml

        xStream.alias("xml", message.getClass());

        return xStream.toXML(message);

    }

    /**

     * 订阅后的欢迎信息

     *

     * @return

     */

    public static String subscribeWelcomeText() {

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

        sb.append("欢迎您的关注，这里是乔治个人平台：\n\n");

        sb.append("1.推荐一些优秀的文章\n");// \n代表换行

        sb.append("2.记录一些美好时刻\n\n");

        return sb.toString();

    }

    /**

     * 生成文本消息

     *

     * @param fromUserName

     * @param toUserName

     * @param content

     * @return

     */

    public static TextResponseMessage initTextMessage(String fromUserName, String toUserName, String content) {

        TextResponseMessage textResponseMessage = new TextResponseMessage();

        textResponseMessage.setFromUserName(fromUserName);

        textResponseMessage.setToUserName(toUserName);

        textResponseMessage.setMsgType(MessageHandler.MESSAGE_TEXT);

        textResponseMessage.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());

        textResponseMessage.setContent(content);

        return textResponseMessage;

    }

}

结果如下:

公众号后台开发(SpingMVC接收与响应公众号消息)

5. 获取用户的精度纬度信息

1.首先在接口设置开启经纬度事件(开启之后在用户进入公众号之后会主动拉取用户的位置信息)

公众号后台开发(SpingMVC接收与响应公众号消息)

2. 处理上报地理位置事件

　　用户同意上报地理位置后，每次进入公众号会话时，都会在进入时上报地理位置，或在进入会话后每5秒上报一次地理位置，公众号可以在公众平台网站中修改以上设置。上报地理位置时，微信会将上报地理位置事件推送到开发者填写的URL。

推送的XML数据包格式如下：

<xml>

  <ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName>

  <FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName>

  <CreateTime>123456789</CreateTime>

  <MsgType><![CDATA[event]]></MsgType>

  <Event><![CDATA[LOCATION]]></Event>

  <Latitude>23.137466</Latitude>

  <Longitude>113.352425</Longitude>

  <Precision>119.385040</Precision>

</xml>

java处理：

封装工具类：

package cn.qlq.bean.weixin;

/**

 * 上报地理位置事件

 *

 * @author Administrator

 *

 */

public class LocationEventMessage extends EventMessage {

    /**

     * 地理位置纬度

     */

    private String Latitude;

    /**

     * 地理位置经度

     */

    private String Longitude;

    /**

     * 地理位置精度

     */

    private String Precision;

    public String getLatitude() {

        return Latitude;

    }

    public void setLatitude(String latitude) {

        Latitude = latitude;

    }

    public String getLongitude() {

        return Longitude;

    }

    public void setLongitude(String longitude) {

        Longitude = longitude;

    }

    public String getPrecision() {

        return Precision;

    }

    public void setPrecision(String precision) {

        Precision = precision;

    }

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "LocationEventMessage [Latitude=" + Latitude + ", Longitude=" + Longitude + ", Precision=" + Precision

                + ", ToUserName=" + ToUserName + ", FromUserName=" + FromUserName + ", CreateTime=" + CreateTime

                + ", MsgType=" + MsgType + ", Event=" + Event + "]";

    }

}

修改处理事件消息的代码：(CLICK和VIEW是用于处理自定义菜单事件)

    /**

     * 处理事件消息(订阅和取消订阅)

     *

     * @param messageMap

     * @return

     */

    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleEventMessage(Map<String, Object> messageMap) {

        EventMessage message = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, EventMessage.class, true);

        String event = message.getEvent();

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(event)) {

            System.out.println("您接收到事件消息， 事件类型为: " + event);

        }

        // 关注的时候

        if (MESSAGE_SUBSCRIBE.equals(event)) {

            System.out.println("这里可以向数据库插入数据");

            String responseMsg = MessageUtils.subscribeWelcomeText();

            return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(message.getToUserName(), message.getFromUserName(), responseMsg);

        }

        // 取消关注(不用回传消息.需要将用户产生的数据删除)

        if (MESSAGE_SUBSCRIBE.equals(event)) {

            System.out.println("这时需要从数据删除  " + message.getFromUserName() + " 用户产生的相关数据");

            return null;

        }

        // 点击自定义的点击菜单事件

        if (MESSAGE_EVENT_CLICK.equals(event)) {

            ClickViewEventMessage map2Bean = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, ClickViewEventMessage.class, true);

            String eventKey = map2Bean.getEventKey();

            String content = "您点击的按钮的key为: " + eventKey;

            return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(map2Bean.getToUserName(), map2Bean.getFromUserName(), content);

        }

        // VIEW菜单的事件

        if (MESSAGE_EVENT_VIEW.equals(event)) {

            ClickViewEventMessage map2Bean = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, ClickViewEventMessage.class, true);

            String eventKey = map2Bean.getEventKey();

            String content = "您点击的按钮跳转的URL为: " + eventKey;

            return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(map2Bean.getToUserName(), map2Bean.getFromUserName(), content);

        }

        // LOCATION菜单的事件

        if (MESSAGE_EVENT_LOCATION.equals(event)) {

            LocationEventMessage map2Bean = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, LocationEventMessage.class, true);

            String latitude = map2Bean.getLatitude();

            String longitude = map2Bean.getLongitude();

            String precision = map2Bean.getPrecision();

            String content = "您的经度：" + latitude + "， 您的维度：" + longitude + "， 您的精度： " + precision;

            return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(map2Bean.getToUserName(), map2Bean.getFromUserName(), content);

        }

        return null;

    }

测试结果：(需要开启GPS才可以触发该事件消息发送)

公众号后台开发(SpingMVC接收与响应公众号消息)

总结:

(1)回传xml数据格式的数据时，可以用字符串进行拼接，不一定用XStream进行转换

(2)微信回传的消息支持换行，换行符为\n

(3)图文消息是最常见的消息，回传消息的时候注意回传的xml数据格式

完整的代码接收消息与回传消息代码参考:https://github.com/qiao-zhi/springboot-ssm.git

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