先贴爬虫程序下载地址:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1c2lxl1e
下载解压后 可直接运行 其中的 run.bat;或者你手动打开命令行执行:Joynet examples\SpiderZhihu.lua。
大家不妨先下载下来玩一玩(可以修改配置,在examples目录下的ZhihuConfig.lua,添加感兴趣的关键字)
这个爬虫程序作为我写的Lua网络库 Joynet 的示例。
主要使用了异步Connect/HTTP/HTTPS 访问知乎搜索页面,譬如 https://www.zhihu.com/search?type=content&q=test 就是搜索 test 相关的问题。
拿到它的response 采用字符串搜索其中的各个question的url 地址。然后进行访问。在拿到question的页面内容后查找其中的图片相关url地址,然后再访问图片服务器下载到本地。
整个爬虫的代码在:https://github.com/IronsDu/Joynet/blob/master/examples/SpiderZhihu.lua#L118。
一点问题:一般而言,开多个协程(链接)的话速度会提高很多。但在知乎爬虫中(访问知乎)并没有体现,反而更慢。我猜测与同时开多个链接到知乎时,知乎服务器做了速度限制。
(而且会给我返回部分 429 错误码···)
(我不知道该如何优化并发请求策略,以达到速度最快,且不会让服务器给我返回错误)
如果你无法访问github,可以看下面我复制过来的爬虫源码:
package.path = "./?.lua;./src/?.lua;./libs/?.lua;" local ZhihuConfig = require "examples.ZhihuConfig" local TcpService = require "TcpService" local HttpClient = require "HttpClient" local picTypes = {"png", "jpg", "jpeg"} local requestedPicNum = 0 local requestdPic = {} --当前已经发出请求的图片集合 local totalPicNum = 0 --当前已经完成请求的图片数量 local zhihuAddres = GetIPOfHost("www.zhihu.com") local picAddres = {} --pic http 服务器ip地址集合,key 为域名 UtilsCreateDir(ZhihuConfig.saveDir) local function singleCo(f) -- 不开启协程,因为经过测试发现,同时开多个链接到zhihu时,速度反而下降,通过访问百度进行对比,发现可能是zhihu服务器(故意)设置锁导致的 if false then coroutine_start(function () f() end) else f() end end -- 访问图片地址,下载成功则保存到文件 local function requestPic(clientService, pic_url, dirname, qoffset) local s,e = string.find(pic_url, "https:%/%/") local _,hostEnd = string.find(pic_url, "%.com") local host = string.sub(pic_url, e+1, hostEnd) local url = string.sub(pic_url, hostEnd+1, string.len(pic_url)) print(os.date().." start request :"..pic_url) if picAddres[host] == nil then picAddres[host] = GetIPOfHost(host) end local response = HttpClient.Request(clientService, picAddres[host], 443, true, "GET", url, host) if response ~= nil then local f = io.open(ZhihuConfig.saveDir.."\\"..dirname.."\\"..qoffset.."\\"..string.sub(url, 2, string.len(url)), "w+b") f:write(response) f:flush() f:close() f=nil print(os.date().." recv pic :"..pic_url.." success") totalPicNum = totalPicNum + 1 else print(os.date().." recv pic :"..pic_url.." failed") end end -- 访问问题页面 local function requestQuestion(clientService, question_url, dirname, qoffset) UtilsCreateDir(ZhihuConfig.saveDir.."\\"..dirname) UtilsCreateDir(ZhihuConfig.saveDir.."\\"..dirname.."\\"..qoffset) local fname = ZhihuConfig.saveDir.."\\"..dirname.."\\".."questions_address.txt" print(fname) local f = io.open(fname, "a+") f:write(question_url.."\r\n") f:flush() f:close() f=nil local response = HttpClient.Request(clientService, zhihuAddres, 443, true, "GET", question_url, "www.zhihu.com") if response ~= nil then for _,picType in ipairs(picTypes) do local pos = 1 while true do --TODO (优化匹配代码以及图片后缀) --查找此问题页面中的图片地址 local s, e = string.find(response, "https:%/%/pic%d.zhimg.com%/%w*%_r%."..picType, pos) if s ~= nil then local pic_url = string.sub(response, s, e) if not requestdPic[pic_url] then requestdPic[pic_url] = true requestedPicNum = requestedPicNum + 1 singleCo(function () --访问图片 requestPic(clientService, pic_url, dirname, qoffset) end) end pos = e else print("no more pic in question "..question_url) break end end end end end local function urlEnCode(w) local pattern="[^%w%d%._%-%* ]" s=string.gsub(w,pattern,function(c) local c=string.format("%%%02X",string.byte(c)) return c end) s=string.gsub(s," ","+") return s end local isAllCompleted = false function userMain() local clientService = TcpService:New() clientService:createService() coroutine_start(function() -- 访问知乎搜索页面,搜索配置的关键字的相关问题 for k,v in pairs(ZhihuConfig.querys) do for i=1,v.count do local response = HttpClient.Request(clientService, zhihuAddres, 80, false, "GET", "/search", "www.zhihu.com", {type="content",q=urlEnCode(v.q), offset=v.startOffset+10*(i-1)}) local pos = 1 if response ~= nil then while true do --查找问题页面地址 local s, e = string.find(response, "\"%/question%/%d*\"", pos) if s ~= nil then pos = e local question_url = string.sub(response, s+1 , e-1) print("request question_url :"..question_url) singleCo(function () --访问问题页面 requestQuestion(clientService, question_url, v.dirname, v.startOffset+10*(i-1)) end) else print("no more question, will break") break end end end end end isAllCompleted = true end) coroutine_start(function () while true do coroutine_sleep(coroutine_running(), 1000) print("Current Completed Pic Num : "..totalPicNum) print("Current requested pic num: "..requestedPicNum) if isAllCompleted then print("all pic completed, you can close process") break end end end) end coroutine_start(function () userMain() end) while true do CoreDD:loop() while coroutine_pengdingnum() > 0 do coroutine_schedule() end end