目录
1 大概思路... 1
2 Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证... 1
3 Openssl生成SSL证书... 2
4 编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证... 2
5 编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证... 4
6 编写.NET WebApi的服务端... 6
7 编写.NET WebApi的客户端... 7
8 部署WebApi到局域网内3台PC机... 13
9 Nginx集群配置搭建... 13
10 运行结果... 15
11 总结... 16
1 大概思路
l Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证
l Openssl生成SSL证书
l 编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证
l 编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证
l 编写.NET WebApi的服务端
l 编写.NET WebApi的客户端
l 部署WebApi到局域网内3台PC机
l Nginx集群配置搭建
l 运行结果
l 总结
2 Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证
Nginx在WebApi集群，除了OAUTH身份验证外，针对移动端的手机、平板电脑等，还经常使用Token令牌验证，通过服务器授权发出有效期的Token，客户端通过此Token在当前有效期内，进行访问获取信息数据。
Token验证在很多方面都广泛应用，举一个实际应用场景：A客户想通过接收邮件或者短信网址打开一个URL的PDF报表，但是又不想安装APP、或者访问我们的系统，连登录都不想登录。这时候，便可以使用一个有效期的Token，然后结合URL发送给用户，过了有效期，当前URL就失效。便可以解决用户临时访问的问题。
以下是本文讲述的主要结构图：
客户端输入用户名密码服务器，通过了用户名密码验证，其中一台WebApi服务器生成一个Token并返回https的响应。客户端收到Token保存在本地，带上token发出ajax请求、WebRequest请求，经过Action过滤器的检验，访问Action并返回数据。
Token令牌身份验证机制：
Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证，如下图所示：
3 Openssl生成SSL证书
请参照《Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi微服务》
http://www.cnblogs.com/yongfeng/p/7921905.html
4 编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证
CustomAuthorizeAttribute.cs
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Http.Controllers; namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers
{
public class CustomAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute
{
public override void OnAuthorization(HttpActionContext actionContext)
{
//判断用户是否登录
if (actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization != null)
{
string userInfo = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetString(System.Convert.FromBase64String(actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter));
//用户验证逻辑
if (string.Equals(userInfo, string.Format("{0}:{1}", "zhyongfeng", "")))
{
IsAuthorized(actionContext);
}
else
{
HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext);
}
}
else
{
HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext);
}
}
protected override void HandleUnauthorizedRequest(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpActionContext actionContext)
{
var challengeMessage = new System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized);
challengeMessage.Headers.Add("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic");
throw new System.Web.Http.HttpResponseException(challengeMessage);
}
}
}
生成Token
BaseController.cs
using SSLWebApi.Models;
using System;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http; namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers
{
/// <summary>
/// BaseController继承BaseController则需要身份验证
/// </summary>
[CustomAuthorize]
[RoutePrefix("api/Base")]
public class BaseController : ApiController
{
[HttpGet]
[Route("Login")]
public string Login(string userId)
{
if (HttpRuntime.Cache.Get(userId) == null)
{
return CreateToken(userId);
}
else
{
HttpRuntime.Cache.Remove(userId);
return CreateToken(userId);
}
} /// <summary>
/// 生成token
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userId"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private string CreateToken(string userId)
{
Token token = new Token();
token.UserId = userId;
token.SignToken = Guid.NewGuid();
token.Seconds = ;
token.ExpireTime = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(token.Seconds);
HttpRuntime.Cache.Insert(token.UserId, token, null, token.ExpireTime, TimeSpan.Zero);
return token.SignToken.ToString();
}
}
}
5 编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证
WebApiSecurityFilter.cs
using SSLWebApi.Models;
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http.Controllers;
using System.Web.Http.Filters; namespace SSLWebApi.Filter
{
public class WebApiSecurityFilter : ActionFilterAttribute
{
public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)
{ if (actionContext.ActionDescriptor.ActionName == "Login")
{
//登录成功则生成token
base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
return;
}
else
{
//判断token令牌
HttpRequestMessage request = actionContext.Request;
string staffid = request.Headers.Contains("userid") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("userid").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;
string timestamp = request.Headers.Contains("timestamp") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("timestamp").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;
string nonce = request.Headers.Contains("nonce") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("nonce").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;
string signature = request.Headers.Contains("signature") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("signature").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty; if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(staffid) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(timestamp) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(nonce) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(signature))
{
//令牌检验不通过
actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);
return;
}
else
{
//令牌检验token失效
if (HttpRuntime.Cache.Get(staffid) == null)
{
actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);
return;
}
else
{
//停牌检验2：判断timespan是否失效
Token token = (Token)HttpRuntime.Cache.Get(staffid);
double ts1 = ;
bool timespanvalidate = double.TryParse(timestamp, out ts1);
double ts2 = (token.ExpireTime - new DateTime(, , , , , , )).TotalSeconds;
bool flag = (ts2 - ts1) > token.Seconds ? true : false;
bool tokenFlag = (token.SignToken.ToString() == signature) ? true : false;
if (timespanvalidate && (!flag) && tokenFlag)
{
//时间转换成功、时间有效、token值相等
//令牌通过
base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
return;
}
else
{
actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);
return;
}
}
}
}
} }
}
6 编写.NET WebApi的服务端
UserController.cs
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Web.Http; namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers
{
[RoutePrefix("api/User")]
public class UserController : ApiController
{
/// <summary>
/// 获取当前用户信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="msg"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[HttpPost]
[Route("PostMessage")]
public string PostMessage(dynamic obj)
{
return string.Format("当前输入的消息是:{0}", Convert.ToString(obj.msg));
} [Route("GetMachine")]
public string GetMachine()
{
string AddressIP = string.Empty;
foreach (IPAddress _IPAddress in Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList)
{
if (_IPAddress.AddressFamily.ToString() == "InterNetwork")
{
AddressIP = _IPAddress.ToString();
}
}
return string.Format("当前WebApi部署的IP是：{0}", AddressIP);
}
}
}
7 编写.NET WebApi的客户端
WebApiHelper.cs
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text; namespace SSLWebApiClient.Common
{
public class WebApiHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// Post请求
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="url">url</param>
/// <param name="data">数据</param>
/// <param name="userid">帐户</param>
/// <param name="signature">数字签名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string Post(string url, string data, string userid, string signature)
{
return PostData(url, data, userid, signature);
} /// <summary>
/// Post请求
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="url">url</param>
/// <param name="data">数据</param>
/// <param name="userid">帐户</param>
/// <param name="signature">数字签名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T Post<T>(string url, string data, string userid, string signature)
{
return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(Post(url, data, userid, signature));
} /// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="webApi"></param>
/// <param name="queryStr"></param>
/// <param name="userid"></param>
/// <param name="signature"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string Get(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature)
{
return GetData(webApi, queryStr, userid, signature);
} /// <summary>
/// Get请求
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="webApi"></param>
/// <param name="query"></param>
/// <param name="queryStr"></param>
/// <param name="userid"></param>
/// <param name="signature"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T Get<T>(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature)
{
return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(GetData(webApi, queryStr, userid, signature));
} /// <summary>
/// 获取时间戳
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetTimeStamp()
{
TimeSpan ts = DateTime.Now - new DateTime(, , , , , , );
return ts.TotalSeconds.ToString();
} /// <summary>
/// 获取随机数
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetRandom()
{
Random rd = new Random(DateTime.Now.Millisecond);
int i = rd.Next(, int.MaxValue);
return i.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// Post请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url"></param>
/// <param name="data"></param>
/// <param name="userid">用户名称</param>
/// <param name="signature">数字签名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string PostData(string url, string data, string userid, string signature)
{
try
{
byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url); string timeStamp = GetTimeStamp();
string nonce = GetRandom();
//加入头信息
//当前请求用户
request.Headers.Add("userid", userid);
//发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）
request.Headers.Add("timestamp", timeStamp);
//发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）
request.Headers.Add("nonce", nonce);
//当前请求内容的数字签名
request.Headers.Add("signature", signature); //写数据
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentLength = bytes.Length;
request.ContentType = "application/json";
request.GetRequestStream().Write(bytes, , bytes.Length);
//读数据
request.Timeout = ;
request.Headers.Set("Pragma", "no-cache");
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
Stream streamReceive = response.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(streamReceive, Encoding.UTF8);
string strResult = streamReader.ReadToEnd(); //关闭流
//reqstream.Close();
streamReader.Close();
streamReceive.Close();
request.Abort();
response.Close();
return strResult;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return ex.Message;
}
} /// <summary>
/// Get请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="webApi"></param>
/// <param name="queryStr"></param>
/// <param name="userid"></param>
/// <param name="signature"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetData(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature)
{
try
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(webApi + "?" + queryStr);
string timeStamp = GetTimeStamp();
string nonce = GetRandom();
//加入头信息
//当前请求用户
request.Headers.Add("userid", userid);
//发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）
request.Headers.Add("timestamp", timeStamp);
//发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）
request.Headers.Add("nonce", nonce);
//当前请求内容的数字签名
request.Headers.Add("signature", signature); request.Method = "GET";
request.ContentType = "application/json";
request.Timeout = ;
request.Headers.Set("Pragma", "no-cache");
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
Stream streamReceive = response.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(streamReceive, Encoding.UTF8);
string strResult = streamReader.ReadToEnd(); streamReader.Close();
streamReceive.Close();
request.Abort();
response.Close();
return strResult;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return ex.Message;
}
} }
}
Program.cs
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
namespace SSLWebApiClient
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string basicUrl = "http://localhost:20107";
string html = string.Empty;
for (int i = ; i < ; i++)
{
//https协议基本认证 Authorization
string url = basicUrl + "/api/base/Login?userId=zhyongfeng";
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = delegate { return true; };
HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
NetworkCredential credential = new NetworkCredential("zhyongfeng", "");
req.Credentials = credential;
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();
Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.UTF8);
html = streamReader.ReadToEnd().Replace("\"", "");
Console.WriteLine("Token服务器保存时间为12s");
Console.WriteLine(String.Format("服务器返回的Token值为:{0}", html));
}
//token设置了12s有效期
for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
{
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep();
string url = basicUrl + "/api/user/PostMessage";
Console.WriteLine(Common.WebApiHelper.Post(url, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new { msg = "hello" }), "zhyongfeng", html));
}
for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
{
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep();
string url = basicUrl + "/api/user/GetMachine";
Console.WriteLine(Common.WebApiHelper.Get(url, null, "zhyongfeng", html));
}
Console.Read();
} }
}
8 部署WebApi到局域网内3台PC机
将WebApi部署到以下10.92.202.56的3台PC机
9 Nginx集群配置搭建
通过自主义域名zhyongfeng.com：80端口进行负载均衡集群访问，则访问C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts，添加下列“本机IP 自定义的域名”：
10.93.85.66 zhyongfeng.com
Nginx的集群配置：
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
} http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#server {
# listen 80;
# server_name localhost;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
# location = /50x.html {
# root html;
# }
#} upstream zhyongfeng.com {
server 10.92.202.56:560;
server 10.92.202.57:570;
server 10.92.202.58:580;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name zhyongfeng.com;
rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
}
# HTTPS server
#
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name zhyongfeng.com;
ssl_certificate server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key server_nopass.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
proxy_pass http://zhyongfeng.com;
}
}
}
运行CMD：
D:\DTLDownLoads\nginx-1.10.2>start nginx D:\DTLDownLoads\nginx-1.10.2>nginx -s reload
10 运行结果
因只有其中一台计算生成了相应的Token值（这里只做其中一台，如果要三台都能够响应，可以用redis做相应的Token值存储）
其中一台10.92.202.58生成了Token值，运行结果如下：
- 访问指定的http://10.92.202.56:560
因Token值设定了12s后失效，则返回“远程服务器返回错误：<403>已禁止”，运行效果如下：
11 总结
Nginx基于SSL协议下，客户端利用 http basic身份验证，访问WebApi获得Token，通过Token值获取相应的权限数据，使系统的安全性有了保障，同时灵活运用Token身份令牌，可以实现时效性的数据访问。基于Token的身份验证，针对前后端分离有着很大的作用。例如手机移动端、平板电脑。
源代码下载：
http://download.csdn.net/download/ruby_matlab/10146669
PDF下载：