数据可视化

import matplotlib

折线图

#创建折线图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
squres=[1,4,9,16,25]
plt.plot(squres)
plt.show()


#修改标签文字和线条粗细
plt.plot(squres,linewidth=5)
plt.show()


#添加图表标题，给坐标轴加标签
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
squres=[1,4,9,16,25]
plt.plot(squres)
plt.title("Squre Numbers",fontsize=10)
plt.xlabel("Value",fontsize=10)
plt.ylabel("Squre of Value",fontsize=10)
#设置刻度标记大小
plt.tick_params(axis="both",labelsize=10)
plt.show()

#校正图形
input_values=[1,2,3,4,5]
squres=[1,4,9,16,25]
plt.plot(input_values,squres,linewidth=5)

散点图

#绘制单个散点图
plt.scatter(2,4)
plt.show()

#调整图形
plt.scatter(2,4,s=50)#调整点的大小
plt.show()

plt.scatter(2,4,s=50)
plt.title("Squre Scatter",fontsize=10)
plt.xlabel("Value",fontsize=10)
plt.ylabel("Squre of Value",fontsize=10)
plt.tick_params(axis="both",which="major",labelsize=10)
plt.show()

# 绘制多个散点图
x_values=[1,2,3,4,5]
y_values=[1,4,9,16,25]
plt.scatter(x_values,y_values,s=50)

自动计算数据

x_values=list(range(1,1001))
y_values=[x**2 for x in x_values]
plt.scatter(x_values,y_values,s=10)

删除黑色轮廓

plt.scatter(x_values,y_values,edgecolor="none",s=10)

自定义颜色

plt.scatter(x_values,y_values,c="red",edgecolor="none",s=10)

#使用RGB三原色绘图
plt.scatter(x_values,y_values,c=(1,0.5,0.8),edgecolor="none",s=10)

plt.scatter(x_values,y_values,c=y_values,cmap=plt.cm.Reds,edgecolor="none",s=10)

自动保存图表

plt.savefig("squres_plot.png",bbox_inches="tight")   #以XX名字命名图片，把边缘白色剪掉

随机漫步

from random import choice
class RandomWalk():
    def __init__(self,num_points=5000):
        self.num_points=num_points
        
        self.x_values=[0]  #漫步始于[0,0]
        self.y_values=[0]
    
    def fill_walk(self):
        while len(self.x_values)<self.num_points:
            x_direction=choice([1,-1])
            x_distance=choice([0,1,2,3,4])
            x_step=x_direction*x_distance
            
            y_direction=choice([1,-1])
            y_distance=choice([0,1,2,3,4])
            y_step=y_direction*y_distance
            
            if x_step==0 and y_step==0:
                continue
            
            next_x=self.x_values[-1]+x_step
            next_y=self.y_values[-1]+y_step
            
            self.x_values.append(next_x)
            self.y_values.append(next_y)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
rw=RandomWalk()
rw.fill_walk()
plt.scatter(rw.x_values,rw.y_values,s=15)

模拟多次随机漫步

while True:
    rw=RandomWalk()
    rw.fill_walk()
    plt.scatter(rw.x_values,rw.y_values,s=15)
    plt.show()
    keep_running=input("Make another walk?(y/n):")
    if keep_running=="n":
        break

Make another walk?(y/n):n

设置随机漫步图样式

#着色
while True:
    rw=RandomWalk()
    rw.fill_walk()
    
    point_numbers=list(range(rw.num_points))
    plt.scatter(rw.x_values,rw.y_values,c=point_numbers,cmap=plt.cm.Reds,edgecolor="none",s=10)
    plt.show()
    
    keep_running=input("Make another walk?(y/n):")

## 重新绘制起点和终点
while True:
    plt.scatter(rw.x_values,rw.y_values,c=point_numbers,cmap=plt.cm.Blues,edgecolor="none",s=10)
    plt.scatter(0,0,c="green",edgecolors="none",s=50)
    plt.scatter(rw.x_values[-1],rw.y_values[-1],c="red",edgecolors="none",s=50)
    keep_running=input("Make another walk?(y/n):")

## 隐藏坐标轴 
while True:
    plt.scatter(rw.x_values[-1],rw.y_values[-1],c="red",edgecolors="none",s=50)
    plt.axes().get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
    plt.axes().get_yaxis().set_visible(False)
    plt.show()

## 增加点数
rw=RandomWalk(5000)
rw.fill_walk()
point_numbers=list(range(rw.num_points))
plt.scatter(rw.x_values,rw.y_values,c=point_numbers,cmap=plt.cm.Blues,s=10)
plt.show()

##调整尺寸以适应屏幕
rw=RandomWalk()
rw.fill_walk()
plt.figure(figsize=(10,6))
plt.show()

使用pygal模拟掷骰子

from random import randint
class Die():
    def __init__(self,num_sides=6):
        self.num_sides=num_sides
    
    def roll(self):
        return randint(1,self.num_sides)

die=Die()
results=[]
for roll_num in range(1,100):
    result=die.roll()
    results.append(result)

print(results)

[6, 6, 2, 5, 2, 3, 4, 1, 6, 3, 4, 1, 6, 1, 3, 5, 5, 3, 4, 6, 4, 2, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 2, 2, 4, 4, 1, 2, 4, 3, 4, 5, 2, 5, 4, 2, 5, 3, 5, 6, 2, 6, 5, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 3, 6, 3, 3, 5, 3, 6, 4, 4, 3, 6, 2, 6, 2, 6, 6, 6, 2, 6, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2, 5, 5, 2, 6, 6, 5, 6, 2, 6, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2]

##计算每个点出现的次数
result=[]
for roll_num in range(1000):
    result=die.roll()
    results.append(result)

frequencies=[]
for value in range(1,die.num_sides+1):
    frequency=results.count(value)
    frequencies.append(frequency)

print(frequencies)

[172, 184, 195, 207, 153, 188]