Python中常用的操作Excel的三方包有xlrd,xlwt和openpyxl等，xlrd支持读取.xls和.xlsx格式的Excel文件，只支持读取，不支持写入。xlwt只支持写入.xls格式的文件，不支持读取。

openpyxl不支持.xls格式，但是支持.xlsx格式的读取写入，并且支持写入公式等。

原始数据文件apis.xlsx内容：

name	method	url	data	json	result
get接口	get	https://httpbin.org/get?a=1&b=2
post表单接口	post	https://httpbin.org/post	{name: Kevin,age:1}
post-json接口	post	https://httpbin.org/post		{name: Kevin,age: 21}

读取数据

读取所有数据

import openpyxl

# 打开excel

excel = openpyxl.load_workbook('apis.xlsx')  # 有路径应带上路径

# 使用指定工作表

sheet = excel.active  # 当前激活的工作表

# sheet = excel.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')

# 读取所有数据

print(list(sheet.values))  # sheet.values 生成器

print(sheet.max_column)  # 最大列数

print(sheet.max_row)  # 最大行数

显示结果：

[('name', 'method', 'url', 'headers', 'data', 'json', 'result'), ('get接口', 'get', 'https://httpbin.org/get?a=1&b=2', None, None, None, None), ('post表单接口', 'post', 'https://httpbin.org/post', 'cookie: token=123', '{name: Kevin,age: 21}', None, None), ('post-json接口', 'post', 'https://httpbin.org/post', None, None, '{name: Kevin,age: 21}', None)]

7

4

按行读取

代码接上例

 ...

# 按行读取

for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=1, min_col=1, max_col=3, max_row=3):

    print(row)

# 读取标题行

for row in sheet.iter_rows(max_row=1):

    title_row = [cell.value for cell in row]

print(title_row)

# 读取标题行以外数据

for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2):

    row_data = [cell.value for cell in row]

    print(row_data)

打印结果：

(<Cell 'Sheet1'.A1>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B1>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C1>)

(<Cell 'Sheet1'.A2>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B2>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C2>)

(<Cell 'Sheet1'.A3>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B3>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C3>)

['name', 'method', 'url', 'headers', 'data', 'json', 'result']

['get接口', 'get', 'https://httpbin.org/get?a=1&b=2', None, None, None, None]

['post表单接口', 'post', 'https://httpbin.org/post', 'cookie: token=123', '{name: Kevin,age: 21}', None, None]

['post-json接口', 'post', 'https://httpbin.org/post', None, None, '{name: Kevin,age: 21}', None]

读取单元格数据

代码接上例

...

# 读取单元格数据

print(sheet['A1'].value)

print(sheet.cell(1,1).value)  # 索引从1开始

打印结果：

name

name

写入文件

代码接上例

# 写入单元格

sheet['F2'] = 'PASS'

result_col = title_row.index('result')+1  # 'result'所在的列号

sheet.cell(3, result_col).value = 'PASS'

# 整行写入

new_row = ['post-xml接口', 'post', 'https://httpbin.org/post']

sheet.append(new_row)

# 保存文件，也可覆盖原文件

excel.save("apis2.xlsx")

写入结果：

name	method	url	data	json	result
get接口	get	https://httpbin.org/get?a=1&b=2			PASS
post表单接口	post	https://httpbin.org/post	{name: Kevin,age:1}		PASS
post-json接口	post	https://httpbin.org/post		{name: Kevin,age: 21}
post-xml接口	post	https://httpbin.org/post

更多操作可参考官方文档： https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/