/* 2577 */

 #include <cstdio>

 #include <cstring>

 #include <cstdlib>

 #define MAXN 125

 #define isUpper(ch) (ch>='A' && ch<='Z')

 char s[MAXN];

 int dp[MAXN][];

 int min(int a, int b) {

     return a<b? a:b;

 }

 int main() {

     int t, l;

     int i, j, k;

     int ans;

     #ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE

         freopen("data.in", "r", stdin);

         //freopen("data.out", "w", stdout);

     #endif

     scanf("%d", &t);

     while (t--) {

         scanf("%s", s+);

         memset(dp, , sizeof(dp));

         dp[][] = ;

         dp[][] = ;

         for (i=; s[i]; ++i) {

             if ( isUpper(s[i]) ) {

                 dp[i][] =  + min(dp[i-][]+, dp[i-][]+);

                 dp[i][] =  + min(dp[i-][], dp[i-][]+);

             } else {

                 dp[i][] =  + min(dp[i-][], dp[i-][]+);

                 dp[i][] =  + min(dp[i-][]+, dp[i-][]+);

             }

         }

         ans = min(dp[i-][], dp[i-][]+);

         printf("%d\n", ans);

     }

     return ;

 }