GUI中的AWT

1.简介

GUI的核心技术:Swing AWT(使用的较少)

原因

  1. 界面不美观
  2. 需要JRE环境

学习原因

  1. 可以写出自己想要的一些工具
  2. 工作的时候,可能需要维护到Swing界面,小概率事件
  3. 了解MVC架构,了解监听

AWT

AWT介绍

  1. 包含了很多类和接口 GUI:图形用户界面

​ Eeclipes :java写的(很老了)

  1. 元素:窗口、按钮、文本框
  2. java.awt包

窗口

import java.awt.*;

public class Frame01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Frame
   //     public Frame() throws HeadlessException{//源码
//                public Frame(String title) throws HeadlessException {
//                init(title, null);
//            }
        Frame frame=new Frame("阿娆");
        //需要设置可见性操作
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,440);
        //设置颜色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(218, 102, 250));
        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,020);
        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);//true可以改变窗口大小
    }
}

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-Di7r36Ab-1638526883008)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211202150552660.png)]

不能点击×关闭,可以用停止运行关闭窗口

可以自己做一个Frame减少代码量,通过调用来建立窗口 class继承

import java.awt.*;

public class Frame02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        KimiFrame kimiFrame1=new KimiFrame(100,100,400,400,Color.blue);
        KimiFrame kimiFrame2=new KimiFrame(400,400,400,400,Color.red);
        KimiFrame kimiFrame3=new KimiFrame(100,400,400,400,Color.black);
        KimiFrame kimiFrame4=new KimiFrame(400,400,400,400,Color.orange);
    }
}

class KimiFrame extends Frame{
    static int id=0;
    public KimiFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("KimiFrame"+(++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setVisible(true);
    }

}

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-DWEzf06O-1638526883009)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211202162744592.png)]

面板

Frame frame = new Frame();
        //布局的概念
        Panel panel = new Panel();
        //布局设置
        frame.setLayout(null);
        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,330,330);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(0xF306F3));
        //panel设置坐标和颜色,相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,200,200);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(0x0C0CEE));
        //frame.add(panel)
        frame.add(panel);
        frame.setVisible(true);//可见
        //监听实践,监听创就关闭事件  System.exit(0);
        //适配器模式,可以解决关闭问题
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //窗口关闭是需要做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                super.windowClosing(e);
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-nYre1g9u-1638526883010)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211202165837278.png)]

布局管理

  • 流式布局

    [外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-Hnt72kdm-1638526883010)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211202172937321.png)]

    Frame frame = new Frame();
    //组件——按钮
    Button button01 = new Button("button01");
    Button button02 = new Button("button02");
    Button button03 = new Button("button03");
    Button button04 = new Button("button04");
    //流式布局
    //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
    frame.setSize(200,300);
    //添加按钮
    frame.add(button01);
    frame.add(button02);
    frame.add(button03);
    frame.add(button04);
    
    frame.setVisible(true);
    

    [外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-V6D7q6YV-1638526883011)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211202173044361.png)]

  • 东西南北中

    Frame frame = new Frame("东西南北中");
    //组件——按钮中是Center
    Button east = new Button("east");
    Button west = new Button("west");
    Button south = new Button("south");
    Button north = new Button("north");
    //东西南北中
    
    //添加按钮
    frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
    frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
    frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
    
    frame.setVisible(true);
    

    [外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-B4D71JIe-1638526883012)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211202173948859.png)]

  • 表格式布局

Frame frame = new Frame("GridLayout");
//组件——按钮
Button button01 = new Button("button01");
Button button02 = new Button("button02");
Button button03 = new Button("button03");
Button button04 = new Button("button04");
Button button05 = new Button("button05");
Button button06 = new Button("button06");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(button01);
frame.add(button02);
frame.add(button03);
frame.add(button04);
frame.add(button05);
frame.add(button06);
frame.pack();//java的,自动选择一个合适的位置
frame.setVisible(true);

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-ZqFdFtSf-1638526883013)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211202183146009.png)]

练习

  1. 分析过程

  2. 代码实现

import java.awt.*;
public class TEXT {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //总Frame
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setSize( 400, 300);frame. setLocation(  300, 400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);frame.setVisible(true ) ;
        frame. setLayout(new GridLayout( 2, 1));
        //4个面板
        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(  2,  1)) ;Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout( ));
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(  2, 2) );
        p1.add( new Button(  "East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button(  "west-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p2.add ( new Button(  "p2-btn-1"));
        p2.add ( new Button(  "p2-btn-2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        //下面
        p3.add(new Button(  "East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button( "west-2" ),BorderLayout.WEST);
        //中间4个
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            p4.add ( new Button( "for-"+i));
        }
        p3.add(p4, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-H6EJR9eU-1638526883014)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211202185852421.png)]

总结:

  1. Frame是一个*窗口
  2. Panel无法单独显示,必须添加到某个容器中。
  3. 布局管理器
    1. 流式
    2. 东西南北中
    3. 表格
    4. 大小,定位,背景颜色,可见性,监听!

事件监听

  • 事件的监听、处理流程:(参考了某位大大的csdn,我觉得他说的很好)
    GUI中的AWT

  • 事件源、事件、监听器之间的关系:

    • 事件源通过事件监听器注册方法,为自身添加事件监听器

    • 事件监听器中,实现了事件的handler方法:根据传入的事件或事件的事件源,执行具体操作

    • 事件源的某个动作,将(主动)触发事件监听器的handler方法处理事件

    • GUI中的AWT

      公用的可以不需要再写直接调用

一个按钮写一个监听
//关闭窗口事件
private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
    frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            System.exit(0);
        }
    });
}
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public  class Actional01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮,触发一些事件
        Frame frame= new Frame();
        Button button=new Button();
        //因为.addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
        MyListen myListen=new MyListen();
        button.addActionListener(myListen);
        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);

        windowClose(frame);


    }
    //关闭窗口事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
//事件监听关闭窗口事件
class MyListen implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("ar");//动作,点击窗口的时候,会输ar
    }
}

点击面板会打印ar

一个按钮写多个按钮
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class Action02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮实现同一个监听,开始结束
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始结束");
        Button button = new Button("start");
        Button button1 = new Button("stop");
        button1.setActionCommand("stop");
        MyListener myListener = new MyListener();
        button.addActionListener(myListener);
        button1.addActionListener(myListener);
        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        windowClose(frame);

    }

    //关闭窗口事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("点击"+e.getActionCommand());
        e.getActionCommand();
    }
}

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-ODOXXNAs-1638526883015)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211203123405893.png)]

点击start 打印 点击start

点击stop 打印 点击stop

制作计算器

  1. 基础
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class Cal {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动main里面正常只有一行启动代码
        new MyFrame();
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField =new TextField();
        add(textField);
        //监听这个文本框上输入的内容
        MyActionListener01 myActionListener01 = new MyActionListener01();
        //按enter后会将输入框中的内容打印输出
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener01);
        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');//前端获取的是*号,后端获取的是输入的内容密码将常会用哦
        setVisible(true);
        pack();
      //  windowClose(0);
    }
    //关闭窗口事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyActionListener01 implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField file=(TextField) e.getSource();//获取一些资源,强制转换成TextFild类型
        System.out.println(file.getText());//获得文本框中的内容
        file.setText(" ");//null回车后清除
    }
}

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-LqP3foRa-1638526883016)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211203125442941.png)][外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-Hj3IrMix-1638526883017)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211203125454956.png)]

  1. 计算器编写

oop原则:组合大于继承(狂神yyds)

狂神yyds
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Cal02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();

    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    public Calculator(){
        //分析结构
        //3个文本框输入两个数,输出两个数
        TextField textField1 = new TextField(10);
        TextField textField2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField textField3 = new TextField(20);
        //一个按钮等号,给button添加监听时间能够计算
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(textField1,textField2,textField3));//传参
        //一个标签+号
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //布局流式布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(textField1);
        add(label);
        add(textField2);
        add(button) ;
        add(textField3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
//主要需要做的事,给等号一个监听时间保证能等于数
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    private TextField textField1,textField2,textField3;
    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField textField1,TextField textField2,TextField textField3){
        this.textField1=textField1;
        this.textField2=textField2;
        this.textField3=textField3;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //获取变量,构造里获得加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(textField1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(textField2.getText());
        //加法运算后返回到第三个
        textField3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //清楚第三个
        textField1.setText("");
        textField2.setText("");
    }
}

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-MCMtc8by-1638526883019)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211203155828100.png)]点击等号前俩加数会清除,等号后计算出结果

面向对象写法
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Cal02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();

    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField textField1, textField2, textField3;

    public void loadFrame() {
        //组件加布局
        textField1 = new TextField(10);
        textField2 = new TextField(10);
        textField3 = new TextField(20);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));//把自己丢给自己
        Label label = new Label("+");
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(textField1);
        add(label);
        add(textField2);
        add(button);
        add(textField3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

//主要需要做的事,给等号一个监听时间保证能等于数
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //在一个类中用另一个类
        Calculator calculator=null;

    public MyCalculatorListener( Calculator calculator){
        this.calculator=calculator;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //获取变量,构造
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.textField1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.textField2.getText());
        calculator.textField3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        calculator.textField1.setText("");
        calculator.textField2.setText("");
    }
}
内部类(更好的包装)可以更好的访问外部类
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Cal02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();

    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField textField1, textField2, textField3;

    public void loadFrame() {
        //组件加布局
        textField1 = new TextField(10);
        textField2 = new TextField(10);
        textField3 = new TextField(20);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());//把自己丢给自己
        Label label = new Label("+");
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(textField1);
        add(label);
        add(textField2);
        add(button);
        add(textField3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
    class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
        //在一个类中用另一个类

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //获取变量,构造
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(textField1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(textField2.getText());
            textField3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            textField1.setText("");
            textField2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

画笔

package com.ar.chapter02;

import java.awt.*;

public class Paint01{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame {
    public void loadFrame() {
        setBounds(100, 100, 400, 300);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        g.setColor(Color.RED);
        g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        //养成习惯 画笔用完 还原到最初的颜色
        g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
    }
}

鼠标监听

点击

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class MouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    new  MyFrame("画图");
    }
}
//类
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔,需要监听鼠标所在位置,需要集合来存储点
    ArrayList points;
    public MyFrame(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        //存鼠标电机的点
       points= new ArrayList<>();
        setVisible(true);
        //鼠标监听器
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
    }
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //监听鼠标事件
        Iterator iterator=points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point=(Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }
    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPoint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }
    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        //鼠标点击 按下,弹起,长按
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
            MyFrame myFrame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            //点击时产生一个点,这个点就是鼠标的点
            myFrame.addPoint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
            new Point(e.getX(),e.getY());
            myFrame.repaint();
        }
    }
}

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-77yko4Ji-1638526883019)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211203175303035.png)]

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-1EgAA4ru-1638526883020)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211203175447680.png)]

窗口监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class Window011 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.BLUE);
        setBounds(100,100,800,400);
        setVisible(true);
        //addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());

        // 匿名内部类
        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("windowOpened");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("windowClosed");
                System.exit(0);
            }

            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("windowActivated");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("windowClosing");
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }
//    class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
//        @Override
//        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//            setVisible(false);//隐藏但是并没有消失
//            System.exit(0);
//        }
//    }
}

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-S1Fcpt0t-1638526883020)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211203181138097.png)]

键盘监听

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-VmHAUzNi-1638526883021)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211203181709796.png)]

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class Key01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Key();
    }
}

    class Key extends Frame {
        public Key() {
            setBounds(100,100,300,300);
            setVisible(true);

            this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                    //获得键盘按下的键是哪一个
                    int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                    if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_2){
                        System.out.println("2");
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }

按2的时候输出System.out.println(“2”);

2

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-tZjeRP9V-1638526883021)(C:\Users\17730\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211203181957094.png)]

.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class Key01 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    new Key();
}

}

class Key extends Frame {
    public Key() {
        setBounds(100,100,300,300);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘按下的键是哪一个
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_2){
                    System.out.println("2");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

按2的时候输出System.out.println("2");

2

[外链图片转存中...(img-tZjeRP9V-1638526883021)]
















上一篇:stm32f103 CAN总线休眠唤醒设置-cubemx/freeRTOS


下一篇:build.xml引用其它文件的任务