这个问题不好回答,首先UTF-8编码只不过是一种Unicode的转换,兼容ASCII。
所以,UTF-8编码支持的最大字符编码应该是Unicode支持的最大字符编码。
理论上,UTF-8编码可以支持最大6字节:
00000000-0000007F 0xxxxxxx
00000080-000007FF 110yyyxx 10xxxxxx
00000800-0000FFFF 1110yyyy 10yyyyxx 10xxxxxx
00010000-001FFFFF 11110zzz 10zzyyyy 10yyyyxx 10xxxxxx
00020000-03FFFFFF 111110aa 10zzzzzz 10zzyyyy 10yyyyxx 10xxxxxx
04000000-7FFFFFFF 1111110a 10aaaaaa 10zzzzzz 10zzyyyy 10yyyyxx 10xxxxxx
UCS4最多可以表示2^32个字符,但UTF-8最多只能表示2^31个字符,现实当中,Unicode规范根本就还没有规定这么多字符,目前最多也就规定到Plane 16,最多1114111个字符,所以网上关于UTF-8编码,大多截止到4字节:
00000000-0000007F 0xxxxxxx
00000080-000007FF 110yyyxx 10xxxxxx
00000800-0000FFFF 1110yyyy 10yyyyxx 10xxxxxx
00010000-0010FFFF 11110zzz 10zzyyyy 10yyyyxx 10xxxxxx
Unicode规范规定,10FFFE和10FFFF作为内部保留,所以Plane 16支持的最大字符编码是:10FFFD
转换成UTF-8编码是:F48FBFBD
但是,到底这个字符能否正常显示出来,还要看你系统里装的字体到底支持多少字符。
所以,“utf-8里现在已经用到的字符最大编码是多少”这个问题的答案依赖于Unicode规范的版本、具体字体字库的支持。
0x00-0x7F 同ASCII,也不可能作为任何其他多字节UTF-8字符的一部分
0xC0-0xDF 多字节UTF-8字符的开始字节,而且据此可以判断出该UTF-8字符的长度(字节数)
0x80-0xBF 多字节UTF-8字符的跟随字节
0xFE-0xFF UTF-8未使用
> 字节数 | 位数 | 表示 |
> 1 | 7 | 0bbbbbbb |
> 2 | 11 | 110bbbbb 10bbbbbb |
> 3 | 16 | 1110bbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb |
> 4 | 21 | 11110bbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb |
> 5 | 26 | 111110bb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb |
> 6 | 31 | 1111110b 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb |
> 7 | 36 | 11111110 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb |
> 8 | 42 | 11111111 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb |
typedef uint8 utf8;
//typedef uint16 utf16; // removed typedef to prevent usage, as utf16 is not supported (yet)
typedef uint32 utf32; // return number of code units in a null terminated string
size_type utf_length(const utf8* utf8_str) const
{
size_type cnt = ;
while (*utf8_str++)
cnt++; return cnt;
} // return number of code units in a null terminated string
size_type utf_length(const utf32* utf32_str) const
{
size_type cnt = ;
while (*utf32_str++)
cnt++; return cnt;
}
上面是计算utf8所占的字节数和 utf32 占用的字节数
// return number of utf32 code units required to re-encode given utf8 data as utf32. len is number of code units in 'buf'.
size_type encoded_size(const utf8* buf, size_type len) const
{
utf8 tcp;
size_type count = ; while (len--)
{
tcp = *buf++;
++count;
size_type size = ; if (tcp < 0x80)
{
}
else if (tcp < 0xE0)
{
size = ;
++buf;
}
else if (tcp < 0xF0)
{
size = ;
buf += ;
}
else
{
size = ;
buf += ;
} if (len >= size)
len -= size;
else
break;
} return count;
}
计算utf8的文字个数
// return the number of utf8 code units required to encode the given utf32 code point
size_type encoded_size(utf32 code_point) const
{
if (code_point < 0x80)
return ;
else if (code_point < 0x0800)
return ;
else if (code_point < 0x10000)
return ;
else
return ;
}
计算ucs4的 转到utf8 的字节个数
size_type encode(const utf8* src, utf32* dest, size_type dest_len, size_type src_len = ) const
{
// count length for null terminated source...
if (src_len == )
{
src_len = utf_length(src);
} size_type destCapacity = dest_len; // while there is data in the source buffer, and space in the dest buffer
for (uint idx = ; ((idx < src_len) && (destCapacity > ));)
{
utf32 cp;
utf8 cu = src[idx++]; if (cu < 0x80)
{
cp = (utf32)(cu);
}
else if (cu < 0xE0)
{
cp = ((cu & 0x1F) << );
cp |= (src[idx++] & 0x3F);
}
else if (cu < 0xF0)
{
cp = ((cu & 0x0F) << );
cp |= ((src[idx++] & 0x3F) << );
cp |= (src[idx++] & 0x3F);
}
else
{
cp = ((cu & 0x07) << );
cp |= ((src[idx++] & 0x3F) << );
cp |= ((src[idx++] & 0x3F) << );
cp |= (src[idx++] & 0x3F);
} *dest++ = cp;
--destCapacity;
} return dest_len - destCapacity;
}
从utf8 转到utf32 即ucs4
size_type encode(const utf32* src, utf8* dest, size_type dest_len, size_type src_len = ) const
{
// count length for null terminated source...
if (src_len == )
{
src_len = utf_length(src);
} size_type destCapacity = dest_len; // while there is data in the source buffer,
for (uint idx = ; idx < src_len; ++idx)
{
utf32 cp = src[idx]; // check there is enough destination buffer to receive this encoded unit (exit loop & return if not)
if (destCapacity < encoded_size(cp))
{
break;
} if (cp < 0x80)
{
*dest++ = (utf8)cp;
--destCapacity;
}
else if (cp < 0x0800)
{
*dest++ = (utf8)((cp >> ) | 0xC0);
*dest++ = (utf8)((cp & 0x3F) | 0x80);
destCapacity -= ;
}
else if (cp < 0x10000)
{
*dest++ = (utf8)((cp >> ) | 0xE0);
*dest++ = (utf8)(((cp >> ) & 0x3F) | 0x80);
*dest++ = (utf8)((cp & 0x3F) | 0x80);
destCapacity -= ;
}
else
{
*dest++ = (utf8)((cp >> ) | 0xF0);
*dest++ = (utf8)(((cp >> ) & 0x3F) | 0x80);
*dest++ = (utf8)(((cp >> ) & 0x3F) | 0x80);
*dest++ = (utf8)((cp & 0x3F) | 0x80);
destCapacity -= ;
} } return dest_len - destCapacity;
}
从utf32 转utf8