需要说明：java跟python在思维模式上并不一样，java利用接口以及多态可以实现很多抽象上的东西，而python不行，其实以下很多设计模式写法并不适用也没有必要，更多是为了对比和帮助理解这些设计模式，毕竟设计模式的核心是解耦。
1.单例模式
#-*- encoding=utf-8 -*- class Singleton(object):
def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
cls._instance = super(Singleton, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kw)
return cls._instance a = Singleton()
b = Singleton()
print id(a)
print id(b)
2.模板模式
#coding:utf-8 class CaffeineBeverageWithHook(object):
def prepareRecipe(self):
self.boilWater()
self.brew()
self.pourInCup()
if self.customerWantsCondiments():
self.addCondiments() def brew(self):
print "start brew." def addCondiments(self):
pass def boilWater(self):
print "start boilWater." def pourInCup(self):
print "Pour into cup" def customerWantsCondiments(self):
return False class CoffeeWithHook(CaffeineBeverageWithHook):
def brew(self):
print "Dripping coffee through filter." def addCondiments(self):
print "Add Sugar and Milk." def customerWantsCondiments(self):
return True if __name__ == '__main__':
coffeeWithHook = CoffeeWithHook()
coffeeWithHook.prepareRecipe()
3.适配器模式
#coding: utf-8 class Target(object):
def request(self):
print "this is target.request method." class Adaptee(object):
def special_request(self):
print "this is Adaptee.special_request method." class Adapter(object):
def __init__(self):
self.special_req = Adaptee() def request(self):
self.special_req.special_request() if __name__ == '__main__':
adapter = Adapter()
adapter.request()
4.策略模式：在策略模式中遵循依赖倒置原则，使得策略在代码运行时生效
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- class IStrategy(object):
def doSomething(self):
return class ConcreteStrategy1(IStrategy):
def doSomething(self):
print "concreteStrategy 1" class ConcreteStrategy2(IStrategy):
def doSomething(self):
print "concreteStrategy 2" class Context(object):
def __init__(self, concreteStrategy):
self.strategy = concreteStrategy() def execute(self):
self.strategy.doSomething() if __name__ == '__main__':
print "-----exec concreteStrategy 1-----"
context = Context(ConcreteStrategy1)
context.execute() print "-----exec concreteStrategy 2-----"
context = Context(ConcreteStrategy2)
context.execute()
5.工厂模式
#coding:utf-8
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8") class XMobile(object):
def __init__(self, factory):
self._factory = factory
def order_mobile(self, brand):
mobile = self._factory.create_mobile(brand)
mobile.special_design()
mobile.hardware()
mobile.software()
mobile.combine()
mobile.box() class MobileFactory(object):
def create_mobile(self, brand):
if brand == "Huawei":
mobile = HuaweiProductLine(brand)
elif brand == "Xiaomi":
mobile = XiaomiProductLine(brand)
elif brand == "Meizu":
mobile = MeizuProductLine(brand)
return mobile class MobileProductLine(object):
def __init__(self, brand):
self.brand = brand def hardware(self):
print "准备硬件" def software(self):
print "准备软件" def combine(self):
print "合并手机" def box(self):
print "封装手机" class HuaweiProductLine(MobileProductLine):
def __init__(self, brand):
super(HuaweiProductLine,self).__init__(brand) def special_design(self):
print "使用Haisi CPU" class XiaomiProductLine(MobileProductLine):
def __init__(self, brand):
super(XiaomiProductLine,self).__init__(brand) def special_design(self):
print "使用MIUI" class MeizuProductLine(MobileProductLine):
def __init__(self, brand):
super(MeizuProductLine,self).__init__(brand) def special_design(self):
print "使用Flyme" if __name__ == '__main__':
mobileFactory = MobileFactory()
xmobile = XMobile(mobileFactory)
xmobile.order_mobile("Huawei")
6.观察者模式
#coding:utf-8 class Subject(object):
def __init__(self):
self.obs_list = [] # observer对象 def addObserver(self, obs):
self.obs_list.append(obs) def delObserver(self, obs):
self.obs_list.pop(obs) def notifyObserver(self):
for obs in self.obs_list:
obs.update() def doSomething(self):
return class ConcreteSubject(Subject):
def __init__(self):
super(ConcreteSubject, self).__init__() def doSomething(self):
self.notifyObserver() class Observer(object):
def update(self):
return class ConcreteObserver1(Observer):
def update(self):
print "观察者1收到信息，并进行处理。" class ConcreteObserver2(Observer):
def update(self):
print "观察者2收到信息，并进行处理。" if __name__ == '__main__':
concreteSubject = ConcreteSubject()
concreteSubject.addObserver(ConcreteObserver1())
concreteSubject.addObserver(ConcreteObserver2())
concreteSubject.doSomething()
7.外观模式
外观模式是将一系列接口进行封装，使得外层调用更加方便，因此不作说明
to be continue...