Ubuntu资源配置

备份文件

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

修改配置文件

配置文件路径

/etc/apt/sources.list

ubuntu 20.04(focal) 配置如下

sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list <<-'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

ubuntu 18.04(bionic) 配置如下

sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list <<-'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

配置完成后，先需要更新资源

sudo apt update
# 或
sudo apt-get update 

其他修改方式

或使用Sed命令修改

sed -i s@/archive.ubuntu.com/@/mirrors.aliyun.com/@g /etc/apt/sources.list && apt clean && apt update

在docker中使用，有些文件不生效（window下的wls2 ubuntu）

RUN sed -i s@/archive.ubuntu.com/@/mirrors.aliyun.com/@g /etc/apt/sources.list && apt clean && apt update

docker apt源更新

RUN apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 871920D1991BC93C \
    && mv /etc/apt/sources.list  /etc/apt/sources.list.bak \
    && echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
    && apt-get clean && apt-get update \
    && apt-get install vim -y \
    && /bin/cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime \
    && echo 'Asia/Shanghai' > /etc/timezone

备注：在更换软件源时若遇到了如下问题

Reading package lists... Done
E: Could not get lock /var/lib/apt/lists/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to lock directory /var/lib/apt/lists/

表明当前有某个进程正在apt-get，然而我并没有使用任何命令，于是需要kill掉进程。

解决办法:

rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock

ubuntu 版本查询

查询内核版本

$ uname -a

Linux pcscf-virtual-machine 5.8.0-38-generic #43~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jan 12 16:39:47 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

$ cat /proc/version
 Ubuntu 20.04版
Linux version 5.8.0-38-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-060) (gcc (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04) 9.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34) #43~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jan 12 16:39:47 UTC 2021
  Ubuntu 版本
Linux version 5.4.72-microsoft-standard-WSL2 (oe-user@oe-host) (gcc version 8.2.0 (GCC)) #1 SMP Wed Oct 28 23:40:43 UTC 2020

$ cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS \n \l

$ lsb_release -a

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
Release:        20.04
Codename:       focal

apt 资源参考

https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/
https://developer.aliyun.com/article/754833
https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.3e221b11rnQtyt

安装deb包

sudo dpkg -i 软件包名.deb
sudo apt-get remove 软件包名称

apt-get使用

用法：apt-get [选项] 命令  
 apt-get [选项] install|remove pkg1 [pkg2 ...]  
 apt-get [选项] source pkg1 [pkg2 ...]  
  
apt-get 是一个下载安装软件包的简单命令行接口。  
最常用的命令是update(更新)  
和install(安装)。  
  
命令：  
 update - 重新获取软件包列表  
 upgrade - 进行更新  
 install - 安装新的软件包  
 remove - 移除软件包  
 autoremove - 自动移除全部不使用的软件包  
 purge - 移除软件包和配置文件  
 source - 下载源码档案  
 build-dep - 为源码包配置编译依赖  
 dist-upgrade - 发行版升级, 参见 apt-get(8)  
 dselect-upgrade - 依照 dselect 的选择更新  
 clean - 清除下载的归档文件  
 autoclean - 清除旧的的已下载的归档文件  
 check - 检验是否有损坏的依赖  
  
选项：  
 -h 本帮助文件。  
 -q 输出到日志 - 无进展指示  
 -qq 不输出信息，错误除外  
 -d 仅下载 - 不安装或解压归档文件  
 -s 不实际安装。模拟执行命令  
 -y 假定对所有的询问选是，不提示  
 -f 尝试修正系统依赖损坏处  
 -m 如果归档无法定位，尝试继续  
 -u 同时显示更新软件包的列表  
 -b 获取源码包后编译  
 -V 显示详细的版本号  
 -c=? 阅读此配置文件  
 -o=? 设置自定的配置选项，如 -o dir::cache=/tmp 

apt其他命令
apt-cache search packagename 搜索包
apt-cache show packagename 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等
apt-get install packagename 安装包
apt-get install packagename - - reinstall 重新安装包
apt-get -f install 修复安装"-f = --fix-missing"
apt-get remove packagename 删除包
apt-get remove packagename - - purge 删除包，包括删除配置文件等
apt-get update 更新源
apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
apt-get dselect-upgrade 使用 dselect 升级
apt-cache depends packagename 了解使用依赖
apt-cache rdepends packagename 是查看该包被哪些包依赖
apt-get build-dep packagename 安装相关的编译环境
apt-get source packagename 下载该包的源代码
apt-get clean 清理无用的包
apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖

查询已安装包

dpkg -l |grep -i "软件包名" -- 查看系统中与"软件包名"相关联的包.