RecyclerView替代ListView

文章目录

1. 背景

    我们都知道在android 5.0后引入了RecyclerView来替代ListView,由于其强大的功能和效果以及其规范化,已经逐渐完全替代了ListViewGridView,本文将简单探究RecyclerView替代ListView的具体使用,在下一篇中将探究RecyclerView替代GridView的具体使用。参考文章:hereAndroid进阶之光。

2.使用

2.1 基本使用

  • 依赖导入
  • 布局文件定义

2.1.1 依赖

对于Android 9.0API level 28)中提出了AndroidX,它是Jetpack的一部分。对于API level 27或者更早的版本中可以使用support library,对应于com.android.support.*。但是Google官方推荐使用在项目中使用AndroidX,并停止了对com.android.support.*的支持。AndroidX是对android.support.xxx包的整理后产物。由于之前的 support 包过于混乱,所以,Google 推出了AndroidX
故而在一些博客中常见的:

implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.1.0'

将之复制到相应的位置,可以看见如下:
RecyclerView替代ListView
它推荐使用Refactor->Migrate来迁移到AndridX libraries库。由于我们的项目默认创建的就是AndroidX的了,这里提示的错误只是因为导入的依赖不对,这里应该是:

implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0'

2.1.2 基本案例

主布局文件:recycleview.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/myrecycleview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    </androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView>
</LinearLayout>

ListView类似的,我们需要定义每一个item的样式布局:recycleview_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_item"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:gravity="center" />
</LinearLayout>

同样,需要定义一个适配器方法,该适配器方法需要继承自RecyclerView.Adapter,在该类中需要复写:onCreateViewHolderonBindViewHoldergetItemCount方法。

package com.example.myapplication;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import java.util.List;

public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter{
    private List<String> mList;
    private Context context;
    public MyAdapter(Context context, List<String> mList){
        this.context = context;
        this.mList = mList;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View itemView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.recycleview_item, parent, false);
        return new MyViewHolder(itemView);
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        ((MyViewHolder) holder).tv.setText(mList.get(position));
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return mList.size();
    }

    class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        TextView tv;
        public MyViewHolder(View view){
            super(view);
            tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_item);
        }
    }
}

    和之前写ListView中的ViewHolder中的区别在于,这里的适配器,需要强制实现onBindViewHolder,也就是必须要写一个ViewHolder类,继承自RecyclerView.ViewHolder,以保存已经实例化好的变量。使用onBindViewHolder方法来得到已经实例化过的对象,进而进行一些必要的赋值操作。
然后是我们的函数入口:

package com.example.myapplication;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.DefaultItemAnimator;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import android.os.Bundle;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private RecyclerView recyclerView;
    private MyAdapter adapter;
    private List<String> mList;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.recycleview);

        recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.myrecycleview);
        LinearLayoutManager linearLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        linearLayoutManager.setOrientation(RecyclerView.VERTICAL);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(linearLayoutManager);
        recyclerView.setItemAnimator(new DefaultItemAnimator());
        mList = getList();
        adapter = new MyAdapter(this, mList);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

    private List<String> getList(){
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            list.add(i+"");
        }
        return list;
    }
}

注意到与ListView不同的一点就是,需要设置布局管理器用于设置条目的排列样式,可以是垂直排列或者水平排列。其余的都是类似的处理。
可以看见效果:
RecyclerView替代ListView

2.1.3 案例添加分割线

谷歌目前没有提供默认的分割线,这就需要我们继承RecyclerView.ItemDecoration来自定义分割线。然后使用recyclerView.addItemDecoration()来加入分割线。

package com.example.myapplication;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.view.View;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

public class VerticalDividerItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {
    private Drawable divider;
    public VerticalDividerItemDecoration(Context context){
        final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(new int[]{android.R.attr.listDivider});
        divider = a.getDrawable(0);
        a.recycle();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDraw(@NonNull Canvas c, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
        final int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();
        final int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();
        final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
            final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
            RecyclerView v = new RecyclerView(parent.getContext());
            final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams)child.getLayoutParams();
            final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
            final int bottom = top + divider.getIntrinsicHeight();
            divider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
            divider.draw(c);
        }
    }
}

上面的代码是我从Android进阶之光中抄的。然后使用就是:

recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new VerticalDividerItemDecoration(MainActivity.this));

可以看见效果:
RecyclerView替代ListView

2.1.4 案例添加点击事件

列表中条目的点击事件需要我们自己来定义。这种方式需要结合接口来进行编程处理,比较灵活。有点类似javascript中定义的回调函数处理。我们对Item的点击事件,也就是放置在Adapter中进行处理,然后设置接口函数,添加添加点击回调,然后在MainActivity中进行实例化该接口对象即可。

package com.example.myapplication;

import android.content.Context;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import java.util.List;

public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter{
    private List<String> mList;
    private Context context;
    public MyAdapter(Context context, List<String> mList){
        this.context = context;
        this.mList = mList;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View itemView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.recycleview_item, parent, false);
        return new MyViewHolder(itemView);
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder, final int position) {
        final MyViewHolder myViewHolder = ((MyViewHolder) holder);
        myViewHolder.tv.setText(mList.get(position));
        if(onItemClickListener!=null){
            // 点击
            myViewHolder.tv.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
                @Override
                public void onClick(View view) {
                    onItemClickListener.onItemClick(myViewHolder.tv, position);
                }
            });
            // 长按
            myViewHolder.tv.setOnLongClickListener(new View.OnLongClickListener(){
                @Override
                public boolean onLongClick(View view) {
                    onItemClickListener.onItemLongClick(myViewHolder.tv, position);
                    return false;
                }
            });
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return mList.size();
    }

    class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        TextView tv;
        public MyViewHolder(View view){
            super(view);
            tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_item);
        }
    }
    private OnItemClickListener onItemClickListener;
    public interface OnItemClickListener{
        void onItemClick(View veiw, int position);
        void onItemLongClick(View view, int position);
    }

    public void setOnItemClickListener(OnItemClickListener onItemClickListener){
        this.onItemClickListener = onItemClickListener;
    }
}

MainActivity.java中:

adapter = new MyAdapter(this, mList);

adapter.setOnItemClickListener(new MyAdapter.OnItemClickListener() {
     @Override
     public void onItemClick(View veiw, int position) {
         Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "点击了第"+(position+1)+"条", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
     }

     @Override
     public void onItemLongClick(View view, int position) {
         Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "长按了第"+(position+1)+"条", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
     }
 });

 recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);

RecyclerView替代ListView

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