使用apache和nginx代理实现tomcat负载均衡及集群配置详解

2021-08-15 22:11:51

实验环境：

1、nginx的代理功能

nginx proxy:

eth0: 192.168.8.48

vmnet2 eth1: 192.168.10.10

tomcat server1:

vmnet2 eth0: 192.168.10.20

tomcat server2:

vmnet2 eth0: 192.168.10.30

# yum install -y nginx-1.8.1-1.el6.ngx.x86_64.rpm

# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

location / {

root /web/htdocs;

index index.jsp index.html index.htm;

}

location ~* \.(jsp|do|action)$ {

proxy_pass http://192.168.10.20;

}

location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|pdf|doc|rar|exe|zip|)$ {

proxy_pass http://192.168.10.30;

}

2、apache的代理功能

①http方式的代理

# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/

# vim mod_proxy.conf

加入如下内容：

ProxyRequests off

ProxyPreserveHost on

ProxyPass / http://192.168.10.20/

ProxyPassReverse / http://192.168.l0.20/

<Location />

Order Allow,Deny

Allow from all

</Location>

②ajp方式的代理

ProxyVia on

ProxyRequests off

ProxyPreserveHost on

ProxyPass / ajp://192.168.10.20/

ProxyPassReverse / ajp://192.168.l0.20/

<Location />

Order Allow,Deny

Allow from all

</Location>

②、配置apache基于mod_jk的负载均衡

a.安装apxs插件

# yum install -y httpd-devel

# tar xf tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz

# cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src/native

# ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/sbin/apxs

# make && make install

配置相关文件

# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d

# vim mod_jk.conf

LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so

JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/workers.properties

JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log

JkLogLevel notice

JkMount /* TomcatA

JkMount /status/ statA

# vim workers.properties

worker.list=TomcatA,statA

worker.TomcatA.type=ajp13

worker.ToccatA.port=8009

worker.TomcatA.host=192.168.10.20

worker.TomcatA.lbfactor=1

worker.statA.type=status

访问如下地址，可以看到tomcat server1的状态

http://192.168.8.48/status/

③使用mod_jk配置负载均衡服务器

配置代理服务器

# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d

# cat mod_jk.conf

LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so

JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/workers.properties

JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log

JkLogLevel notice

JkMount /* lbcA

JkMount /status/ statA

# cat workers.properties

worker.list=lbcA,statA

worker.TomcatA.type=ajp13

worker.TomcatA.port=8009

worker.TomcatA.host=192.168.10.20

worker.TomcatA.lbfactor=1

worker.TomcatB.type=ajp13

worker.TomcatB.port=8009

worker.TomcatB.host=192.168.10.30

worker.TomcatB.lbfactor=1

worker.lbcA.type=lb

worker.lbcA.sticky_session=1

worker.lbcA.balance_workers=TomcatA,TomcatB

worker.statA.type=status

配置后端tomcat

# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/

# mkdir testapp

# cd testapp/

# mkdir -pv WEB-INF/{classes,lib}

mkdir: created directory `WEB-INF'

mkdir: created directory `WEB-INF/classes'

mkdir: created directory `WEB-INF/lib'

# vim index.jsp

TOMCATA服务器

index.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" %>

<html>

<head><title>TomcatA</title></head>

<body>

<h1><font color="red">TomcatA.chinasoft.com</font></h1>

<table align="centre" border="1">

<tr>

<td>Session ID</td>

<% session.setAttribute("chinasoft.com.com","chinasoft.com"); %>

<td><%= session.getId() %></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Created on</td>

<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

TOMCATB服务器

index.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" %>

<html>

<head><title>TomcatB</title></head>

<body>

<h1><font color="blue">TomcatB.chinasoft.com</font></h1>

<table align="centre" border="1">

<tr>

<td>Session ID</td>

<% session.setAttribute("chinasoft.com","chinasoft.com"); %>

<td><%= session.getId() %></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Created on</td>

<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

测试是否OK

# curl http://192.168.10.20:8080/testapp/index.jsp

# curl http://192.168.10.30:8080/testapp/index.jsp

配置session会话绑定(会破坏负载均衡效果):

负载均衡，且实现会话绑定要注意给每个tomcat实例的egine容器一个jvmRoute属性！此名称要跟前端调度模块使用名称保持一致！

另外，在mod_proxy实现负载均衡的会话绑定时，还要使用sticksession=JSESSIONID（字符要大写）！

worker.properties:

worker.TomcatB.lbfactor=1

在后端tomcat服务器server.xml文件中定义jvmRoute:

<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatA">

④.apache mod_proxy实现基于http的负载均衡配置：

# mv mod_jk.conf mod_jk.conf.bak

# mv mod_proxy.conf.bak mod_proxy.conf

# vim mod_proxy.conf

ProxyVia on

ProxyRequests off

ProxyPreserveHost on

<Proxy balancer://lb>

BalancerMember http://192.168.10.20:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA

BalancerMember http://192.168.10.30:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB

</Proxy>

ProxyPass / balancer://lb/

ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lb/

<Location />

Order Allow,Deny

Allow from all

</Location>

⑤.配置session会话的持久性

ProxyVia on

ProxyRequests off

ProxyPreserveHost on

<Proxy balancer://lb>

BalancerMember http://192.168.10.20:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA

BalancerMember http://192.168.10.30:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB

</Proxy>

ProxyPass / balancer://lb/ stickysession=JSESSIONID

ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lb/

<Location />

Order Allow,Deny

Allow from all

</Location>

⑥.配置管理接口

ProxyVia on

ProxyRequests off

ProxyPreserveHost on

<Proxy balancer://lb>

BalancerMember http://192.168.10.20:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA

BalancerMember http://192.168.10.30:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB

</Proxy>

<Location /lbmanager>

SetHandler balancer-manager

</Location>

ProxyPass /lbmanager !

ProxyPass / balancer://lb/

ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lb/

<Location />

Order Allow,Deny

Allow from all

</Location>

访问：http://192.168.8.48/lbmanager，可以看到负载均衡的状态界面

集群配置：

负载均衡器：

192.168.10.10：

# vim mod_proxy.conf

ProxyVia on

ProxyRequests off

ProxyPreserveHost on

<Proxy balancer://lb>

  BalancerMember http://192.168.10.20:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA

  BalancerMember http://192.168.10.30:8080 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB

</Proxy>

<Location /lbmanager>

  SetHandler balancer-manager

</Location>

ProxyPass /lbmanager !

ProxyPass / balancer://lb/

ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lb/

<Location />

  Order Allow,Deny

  Allow from all

</Location>

192.168.10.20:

<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatA">

<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"

	 channelSendOptions="8">

  <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"

	   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"

	   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>

  <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">

    <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"

		address="228.1.0.4"

		port="45564"

		frequency="500"

		dropTime="3000"/>

    <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"

	      address="192.168.10.20"

	      port="4000"

	      autoBind="100"

	      selectorTimeout="5000"

	      maxThreads="6"/>

  <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">

      <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>

    </Sender>

    <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>

    <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>

  </Channel>

  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"

	 filter=""/>

  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>

  <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"

	    tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"

	    deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"

	    watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"

	    watchEnabled="false"/>

  <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>

  <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>

</Cluster>

192.168.10.30：

<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatB">

<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"

	 channelSendOptions="8">

  <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"

	   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"

	   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>

  <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">

    <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"

		address="228.1.0.4"

		port="45564"

		frequency="500"

		dropTime="3000"/>

    <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"

	      address="192.168.10.30"

	      port="4000"

	      autoBind="100"

	      selectorTimeout="5000"

	      maxThreads="6"/>

	<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">

<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>

</Sender>

<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>

<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>

</Channel>

<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"

 filter=""/>

<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>

<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"

    tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"

    deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"

    watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"

    watchEnabled="false"/>

<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>

<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>

</Cluster>

并在各集群节点上添加路由信息：

route add -net 228.1.0.4 netmask 255.255.255.255 dev eth0

并在：

web.xml节点上添加：

可以看到session id没有变化

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