在ubuntu16下安装virtualenv+virtualenvwrapper

2022-12-10 22:53:09

ubuntu16已经安装好了py2和py3（自带的）

bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/python_file/Django_project$ python

python             python2-config     python3.5m         python3m-config

python2            python3            python3.5m-config  python-config

python2.          python3.          python3-config

python2.-config   python3.-config   python3m

我要用的是py3，所以安装virtulenv+virtualenvwrapper，我用的是pip3，使用：apt-get install python3-pip

可以完成

通过pip安装virtualenv：

$ pip3 install virtualenv

测试你的安装

$ virtualenv --version

使用virtualenv这里就不多说，继续安装virtualenvwrapper

pip3 install virtualenvwrapper
要想使用virtualenvwrapper，需要启动virtualenvwrapper.sh脚本，一般是放在

/usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
不过我安装后没找到，用find命令搜到是在 $HOME/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
打开家目录下的.bashrc 在最底部加上下面这一段：

#python虚拟环境配置

export VIRTUALENV_USE_DISTRIBUTE=        #  总是使用 pip/distribute

#export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.local/virtualenvs       # 所有虚拟环境存储的目录

if [ -e $HOME/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh ];then

       export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
       export PROJECT_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs

       export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3 #指定py3

       source $HOME/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

   else if [ -e /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh ];then

                source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

                fi

        fi

        export PIP_VIRTUALENV_BASE=$WORKON_HOME

        export PIP_RESPECT_VIRTUALENV=true

PS: 我的VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON变量指向的是py3,

启动source ~/.bashrc ,出现下面信息，说明环境配置好了。

bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/python_file/Django_project$ source ~/.bashrc

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/initialize

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/premkvirtualenv

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/postmkvirtualenv

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/prermvirtualenv

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/postrmvirtualenv

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/predeactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/postdeactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/preactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/postactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/get_env_details

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/premkproject

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/postmkproject

测试下：创建虚拟环境：second_project

bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/python_file/Django_project$ mkvirtualenv second_project

Using base prefix '/usr'

New python executable in /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/second_project/bin/python3

Also creating executable in /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/second_project/bin/python

Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/second_project/bin/predeactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/second_project/bin/postdeactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/second_project/bin/preactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/second_project/bin/postactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/second_project/bin/get_env_details

进入虚拟环境，安装requests

bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/python_file/Django_project$ workon second_project

(second_project) bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/python_file/Django_project$ pip

pip     pip2    pip3    pip3.

(second_project) bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/python_file/Django_project$ pip3 install requests

Collecting requests

  Using cached requests-2.18.-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Collecting idna<2.6,>=2.5 (from requests)

  Using cached idna-2.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Collecting chardet<3.1.,>=3.0. (from requests)

  Using cached chardet-3.0.-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Collecting urllib3<1.23,>=1.21. (from requests)

  Using cached urllib3-1.22-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Collecting certifi>=2017.4. (from requests)

  Using cached certifi-2017.7.27.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Installing collected packages: idna, chardet, urllib3, certifi, requests

Successfully installed certifi-2017.7.27.1 chardet-3.0. idna-2.5 requests-2.18. urllib3-1.22

(second_project) bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/python_file/Django_project$

或者，你可以创建一个项目，它会创建虚拟环境，并在 $PROJECT_HOME 中创建一个项目目录。当你使用 workon myproject 时，会 cd -ed 到项目目录中。

bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~$ vim .bashrc

bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~$ source .bashrc

bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~$ mkproject third_project

Using base prefix '/usr'

New python executable in /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project/bin/python3

Also creating executable in /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project/bin/python

Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project/bin/predeactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project/bin/postdeactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project/bin/preactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project/bin/postactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project/bin/get_env_details

Creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project

Setting project for third_project to /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project

(third_project) bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/.virtualenvs/third_project$

virtualenvwrapper 提供环境名字的tab补全功能。当你有很多环境，并且很难记住它们的名字时，这就显得很有用。

workon 也能停止你当前所在的环境，所以你可以在环境之间快速的切换。

停止是一样的：

$ deactivate

删除：

$ rmvirtualenv my_project

其他有用的命令

lsvirtualenv: 列举所有的环境。
cdvirtualenv: 导航到当前激活的虚拟环境的目录中，比如说这样你就能够浏览它的 site-packages 。
cdsitepackages: 和上面的类似，但是是直接进入到 site-packages 目录中。
lssitepackages: 显示 site-packages 目录中的内容。

virtualenvwrapper 命令的完全列表。

export PROJECT_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs

码农公寓

其他有用的命令

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