一、背景
最近工作中涉及到RSA加密的相关需求任务,之前对加密算法了解不多,开发过程中遇到了一些坑记录一下。
二、RSA原理
RSA加密是非对称加密,公开私钥,保留私钥。通信时数据通过公开的公钥加密,接收方用私钥解密,达到安全传输的目的。RSA算法原理在这就不详述了,放个链接 https://blog.csdn.net/raalghul/article/details/51883354
三、JAVA实现
公钥和私钥 都是由 两个数的组合构成,这样储存不太方便。 用base64将PublicKey 和PrivateKey对象 转为公钥、私钥 字符串。
KeyPairGenerator generator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA", new BouncyCastleProvider());
generator.initialize(2048, new SecureRandom());
KeyPair keyPair = generator.generateKeyPair();
PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
String pubKey = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(publicKey.getEncoded()));
System.out.println("公钥:"+pubKey);
PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
String priKey = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(privateKey.getEncoded()));
System.out.println("私钥:"+priKey);
在加密解密的过程中需要的仍是 PublicKey 和PrivateKey对象, 需要将 公钥、私钥字符串转换为 PublicKey 和PrivateKey对象 来实现加密 解密。
//公钥string 转publicKey对象
public static PublicKey getPublicKey(String key) throws Exception {
byte[] keyBytes;
keyBytes = (new sun.misc.BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key);
X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
return publicKey;
}
//公钥string 转publicKey对象
public static PublicKey getPublicKey(String key) throws Exception {
byte[] keyBytes;
keyBytes = (new sun.misc.BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key);
X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
return publicKey;
}
其他部分代码贴出,如果不注意编码问题会抛出javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException,在代码中标出
public static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String key) throws Exception{
byte[] keyBytes;
keyBytes = (new sun.misc.BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key);
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
return privateKey;
}
//加密
public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] content, PublicKey publicKey) throws Exception {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
return cipher.doFinal(content);
}
/**
* byte[] b1 byte[] b2 byte[] b1 String
* String data----getBytes(默认编码)-----公钥加密(ISO字符集,使用其他字符集数据丢失)---------私钥解密----------new String(默认编码)----String data
*
*
* @param args
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
KeyPairGenerator generator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA", new BouncyCastleProvider());
generator.initialize(2048, new SecureRandom());
KeyPair keyPair = generator.generateKeyPair();
PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
String pubKey = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(publicKey.getEncoded()));
System.out.println("公钥:"+pubKey);
PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
String priKey = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(privateKey.getEncoded()));
System.out.println("私钥:"+priKey);
//公钥加密 此时的getBytes() 的编码 为默认 应该和最后的 new String() 的编码一样
byte[] encryptedBytes = encrypt(data.getBytes(), publicKey);
//将密文字节数组转String时 不使用ISO编码 可能导致数据丢失 解密失败
//如果下面两句 没有指明编码,或者使用其他编码,会导致数据的错误,导致字节数组b1长度超出限制, 报出异常javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException,具体原因可能是因为在公钥加密时使用的字符集问题。
String s1 = new String(encryptedBytes,"ISO8859-1");
byte[] b1 = s1.getBytes("ISO8859-1");
//解密
byte[] decryptedByte = decrypt(b1, privateKey);
System.out.println("解密后:"+new String(decryptedByte));
}
public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] content, PrivateKey privateKey) throws Exception{
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
return cipher.doFinal(content);
}
}
运行结果:
欢迎大家关注我的个人微信订阅号:Java从零单排 分享学习资料,交流学习经验~